Cyber SecuritySemester 2-2 syllabus

The second semester of the second year shifts toward core systems knowledge — operating systems, databases, and computer networks — while introducing managerial economics, a number-theory course that anchors later cryptography work, and the first full-stack web development skill course. A design-thinking course closes out the semester’s non-technical component.

Subjects

Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis

• Unit 1: Foundations of managerial economics and the theory of demand and demand forecasting.
• Unit 2: Production and cost analysis, including break-even analysis.
• Unit 3: Business organization structures and market types, with pricing strategy.
• Unit 4: Capital budgeting techniques such as payback period, NPV, and IRR.
• Unit 5: Financial accounting basics and ratio-based financial statement analysis.
• Credit structure: L-T-P-C = 2-0-0-2.

Number Theory and Its Applications

• Unit 1: Divisibility, greatest common divisors, and prime factorization.
• Unit 2: Congruences, linear congruences, and the Chinese remainder theorem.
• Unit 3: Applications of congruence such as divisibility tests, hashing, and Euler’s theorem.
• Unit 4: Finite fields, primality testing, and factorization methods.
• Unit 5: Cryptology fundamentals — ciphers, public-key cryptography, and the RSA algorithm.
• Credit structure: L-T-P-C = 3-0-0-3.

Operating Systems

• Unit 1: Operating system services, system calls, and overall OS design and structure.
• Unit 2: Process management, threading models, and CPU scheduling algorithms.
• Unit 3: Synchronization primitives and deadlock handling strategies.
• Unit 4: Memory management strategies including paging and virtual memory.
• Unit 5: File systems, storage management, and protection mechanisms.
• Credit structure: L-T-P-C = 3-0-0-3.

Database Management Systems

• Unit 1: Database fundamentals and entity-relationship modeling.
• Unit 2: The relational model, relational algebra, and introductory SQL.
• Unit 3: Advanced SQL querying — joins, subqueries, grouping, and views.
• Unit 4: Schema refinement through normalization up to higher normal forms.
• Unit 5: Transaction management, concurrency control, recovery, and indexing techniques.
• Credit structure: L-T-P-C = 3-0-0-3.

Computer Networks

• Unit 1: Network types, reference models, and protocol layering concepts.
• Unit 2: The data link layer — framing, error control, and medium access protocols including Ethernet.
• Unit 3: The network layer — routing algorithms, IP addressing, and internetworking.
• Unit 4: The transport layer — socket programming, TCP/UDP mechanics, and congestion control.
• Unit 5: The application layer — email, the web, and content delivery.
• Credit structure: L-T-P-C = 3-0-0-3.

Computer Networks Lab

• Focus: hands-on networking using cabling, device configuration, protocol simulators, and packet analysis tools.
• Representative exercises: building network topologies in Packet Tracer with distance-vector and link-state routing, socket programming in Java, and traffic inspection with Wireshark and NS2/NS3.
• Credit structure: L-T-P-C = 0-0-3-1.5.

Database Management Systems Lab

• Focus: practicing SQL and PL/SQL against a live database, including stored procedures, functions, cursors, and triggers.
• Representative exercises: schema creation with constraints, nested queries and aggregate functions, PL/SQL blocks with exception handling, and JDBC-based Java-to-database connectivity.
• Credit structure: L-T-P-C = 0-0-3-1.5.

Full Stack Development-1

(Skill Enhancement Course)

• Focus: building static and interactive web pages using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, with an introduction to Node.js.
• Representative exercises: HTML tables/forms/frames, CSS selectors and box-model styling, JavaScript objects and events, form validation, and a basic Node.js web server.
• Credit structure: L-T-P-C = 0-1-2-2.

Design Thinking & Innovation

• Unit 1: Foundational design principles and the history of design thinking.
• Unit 2: The design thinking process — empathize, analyze, ideate, and prototype.
• Unit 3: Innovation as distinct from creativity, and how teams sustain both.
• Unit 4: Product design fundamentals, from problem framing to specification.
• Unit 5: Applying design thinking to business strategy and startup contexts.
• Credit structure: L-T-P-C = 1-0-2-2.

Semester load: 15-1-10 contact hours, 21 credits total. A mandatory 8-week Community Service Project Internship runs during the following summer vacation.