Electronics & CommunicationSemester 2-1 syllabus

Probability Theory and Stochastic Process

builds the statistical toolkit ECE students lean on for the rest of the degree, since every noisy channel and random signal in communications is modeled with exactly this machinery.

• Unit 1: Probability axioms, joint/conditional probability, random variables and their distribution and density functions
• Unit 2: Expectation, moments, characteristic functions, and transformations of single and multiple random variables
• Unit 3: Random processes, stationarity, ergodicity, autocorrelation and cross-correlation of processes through linear systems
• Unit 4: Power spectrum and cross-power spectrum properties and their relation to autocorrelation
• Unit 5: Noise sources, noise figure, and information-theory basics including entropy, source coding, and channel capacity

Universal Human Values – Understanding Harmony and Ethical Human Conduct

a values-and-ethics foundation course meant to help students reason about happiness, relationships, and professional conduct rather than just technical content.

• Unit 1: Introduction to value education, self-exploration, and the basic aspirations of happiness and prosperity
• Unit 2: Harmony within oneself, distinguishing the needs of the self from the needs of the body
• Unit 3: Harmony in the family and society, trust and respect as foundational relational values
• Unit 4: Harmony with nature and existence, co-existence across the orders of nature
• Unit 5: Implications for professional ethics and holistic approaches to technology, production, and management

Signals and Systems

lays the mathematical groundwork (transforms, convolution, sampling) that every later subject in communications, DSP, and control systems builds on.

• Unit 1: Classification of signals and systems, signal operations, and orthogonal signal representation
• Unit 2: Fourier series and Fourier transform of periodic and aperiodic signals, with the Hilbert transform introduced
• Unit 3: Linear system analysis, convolution, transfer functions, and distortion-less transmission conditions
• Unit 4: Correlation functions, energy/power spectral density, and the sampling theorem with aliasing
• Unit 5: Laplace and Z-transform techniques for continuous and discrete signal analysis

Electronic Devices and Circuits

covers how diodes and transistors actually behave physically, which is the prerequisite for designing any analog circuit later in the program.

• Unit 1: Semiconductor physics fundamentals and PN junction diode characteristics
• Unit 2: Special-purpose diodes (Zener, varactor, tunnel, SCR) and diode-based clipping, clamping, and rectifier circuits
• Unit 3: BJT construction, current components, and transistor configurations (CB, CE, CC)
• Unit 4: Transistor biasing methods and thermal stabilization techniques
• Unit 5: Small-signal low-frequency amplifier models for BJT and FET, including MOSFET and CMOS basics

Switching Theory and Logic Design

the digital-logic foundation behind every processor, memory, and digital communication block students will design later.

• Unit 1: Number systems, error-detecting codes, Boolean theorems, and logic gate realizations
• Unit 2: Minimization techniques (K-map, Quine-McCluskey) and combinational circuit design (adders, subtractors, code converters)
• Unit 3: MSI/LSI-based combinational design (encoders, decoders, multiplexers) and PLD structures
• Unit 4: Latches, flip-flops, counters, and shift-register design
• Unit 5: Finite state machines, state reduction, and clocked sequential circuit design

Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab

hands-on verification of diode and transistor behavior to connect the theory to real measured characteristics.

• Diode/BJT/FET/SCR/UJT characteristic tracing and rectifier and clipper/clamper circuit construction
• Transistor biasing and CE/CC/CS amplifier construction with CRO-based measurement

Switching Theory and Logic Design Lab

practical digital-logic design and verification using trainer kits and HDL.

• Logic gate and combinational circuit verification (decoders, multiplexers, adders) on digital trainer kits
• Sequential circuit design (flip-flops, counters, shift registers) and HDL-based combinational/sequential design exercises

Data Structures using Python

introduces programming and core data structures using Python as the vehicle, skills needed for every later software-adjacent course.

• OOP fundamentals (classes, inheritance, overloading/overriding) and Python comprehensions
• Searching and sorting algorithms (linear/binary search, bubble/selection/merge/quick sort)
• Stacks, queues, singly/doubly linked lists, and binary search trees

Environmental Science

a mandatory awareness course on natural resources, ecosystems, and pollution, meant to ground engineering decisions in environmental responsibility.

• Unit 1: Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and classification of natural resources
• Unit 2: Ecosystem structure and function, food chains/webs, and biodiversity conservation
• Unit 3: Causes, effects, and control of air/water/soil/noise/thermal pollution and solid waste management
• Unit 4: Sustainable development, rainwater harvesting, environmental legislation, and climate change issues
• Unit 5: Population growth, human health, and the role of IT in environmental monitoring