by Rishi | Jun 4, 2019 | Jntuk lecture notes
Software Testing Methodologies
OBJECTIVE:
Fundamentals for numerous testing methodologies.
• Describe the rules and procedures for designing check instances.
• Present helps to debugging strategies.
• Acts because the reference for software program testing methods and techniques.
UNIT-I:
Introduction: Goal of Testing, Dichotomies, Mannequin for Testing, Penalties of
Bugs,Taxonomy of Bugs.
Movement graphs and Path testing: Fundamentals Ideas of Path Testing, Predicates, Path Predicates
andAchievable Paths, Path Sensitizing, Path Instrumentation, Software of Path Testing.
UNIT-II:
Transaction Movement Testing: Transaction Flows, Transaction Movement Testing Methods.
Dataflow testing: Fundamentals of Dataflow Testing, Methods in Dataflow Testing, Software
ofDataflow Testing.
UNIT-III:
Area Testing: Domains and Paths, Good & Ugly Domains, Area testing, Domains
andInterfaces Testing, Area and Interface Testing, Domains and Testability.
Paths, Path merchandise and Common expressions: Path Merchandise & Path Expression, Discount
Process, Purposes, Common Expressions & Movement Anomaly Detection.
UNIT-IV:
Syntax Testing: Why, What and How, A Grammar for codecs, Check Case Technology,
Implementation and Software and Testability Suggestions.
Logic Primarily based Testing: Overview, Determination Tables, Path Expressions, KV Charts, and
Specs.
III 12 months – II Semester
L T P C
Four zero zero 3
SOFTWARE TESTING METHODOLOGIES
UNIT – V:
State, State Graphs and Transition Testing: State Graphs, Good & Dangerous State Graphs, State
Testing, and Testability Suggestions.
Graph Matrices and Software:-Motivational overview, matrix of graph, relations, energy of
a matrix, node discount algorithm.
UNIT -VI:
Software program Testing Instruments: Introduction to Testing, Automated Testing, Ideas of Check
Automation, Introduction to checklist of instruments like Win runner, Load Runner, Jmeter, About Win
Runner ,Utilizing Win runner, Mapping the GUI, Recording Check, Working with Check, Enhancing
Check, Checkpoints, Check Script Language, Placing all of it collectively, Working and Debugging Exams,
Analyzing Outcomes, Batch Exams, Fast Check Script Wizard.
OUTCOME:
• Perceive the fundamental testing procedures.
• In a position to assist in producing check instances and check suites.
• In a position to check the functions manually by making use of totally different testing strategies and
automation instruments.
• Apply instruments to resolve the issues in Actual time atmosphere.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Software program testing methods – Boris Beizer, Dreamtech, second version.
2. Software program Testing- Yogesh Singh, Camebridge
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The Craft of software program testing – Brian Marick, Pearson Schooling.
2. Software program Testing, third version, P.C. Jorgensen, Aurbach Publications (Dist.by SPD).
3. Software program Testing, N.Chauhan, Oxford College Press.
4. Introduction to Software program Testing, P.Ammann&J.Offutt, Cambridge Univ.Press.
5. Efficient strategies of Software program Testing, Perry, John Wiley, 2nd Version, 1999.
6. Software program Testing Ideas and Instruments, P.NageswaraRao, dreamtech Press
7. Win Runner in easy steps by Hakeem Shittu, 2007 Genixpress.
8. Foundations of Software program Testing, D.Graham& Others, Cengage Studying
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by Rishi | Jun 4, 2019 | Jntuk lecture notes
Software Engineering
OBJECTIVES :
to know the software package life cycle models.
to know the software package necessities and SRS document.
to know the importance of modeling and modeling languages.
to style and develop correct and strong software package product.
to know the standard management and the way to confirm smart quality software package.
to know the design and estimation of software package comes.
to know the implementation problems, validation and verification procedures.
to know the upkeep of software package
UNIT-I:
software package and software package Engineering: the character of software package, The distinctive Nature of WebApps, software package Engineering, software package method, software package Engineering observe, software package Myths. method Models: A Generic method Model, method Assessment and Improvement, Prescriptive method Models, specialised method Models, The Unified method, Personal and Team method Models, method nomenclature, Product and method.
UNIT-II:
necessities Analysis And Specification: necessities Gathering and Analysis, software package demand Specification (SRS), Formal System Specification. software package Design: summary of the look method, the way to Characterise of a Design?, Cohesion and Coupling, superimposed Arrangement of Modules, Approaches to software package style
UNIT – III:
Function-Oriented software package Design: summary of SA/SD Methodology, Structured Analysis, Developing the DFD Model of a System, Structured style, elaborate style, style Review, over read of Object oriented style. program Design: Characteristics of excellent program, Basic ideas, forms of User Interfaces, Fundamentals of Component-based graphical user interface Development, A program style Methodology.
UNIT – IV:
writing And Testing: writing, Code Review, software, Testing, Unit Testing, Black-Box Testing, White-Box Testing, Debugging, Program Analysis Tool, Integration Testing,
Testing Object-Oriented Programs, System Testing, Some General problems related to Testing
UNIT – V:
software package responsibleness And Quality Management: software package responsibleness, applied mathematics Testing, software package Quality, software package Quality Management System, ISO 9000, SEI Capability Maturity Model. pc power-assisted software package Engineering: Case and its Scope, Case surroundings, Case Support in software package Life Cycle, different Characteristics of Case Tools, Towards Second Generation CASE Tool, design of a Case surroundings
UNIT – VI
software package Maintenance: software package maintenance, Maintenance method Models, Maintenance value, software package Configuration Management. software package utilize: what is utilized? Why nearly No Reuse therefore Far? Basic problems in Reuse Approach, utilize at Organization Level.
OUTCOMES
outline and develop a software package project from demand gathering to implementation.
get information concerning principles and practices of software package engineering.
target the basics of modeling a software package project.
get information concerning estimation and maintenance of software package systems
TEXT BOOKS:
1. software package Engineering – ideas and Practices: Ugrasen Suman, Cengage Learning
2. software package Engineering – A Practitioner’s Approach, Roger S. Pressman, Seventh Edition McGrawHill International Edition.
3. Fundamentals of software package Engineering, Rajib Mall, Third Edition, PHI.
4. software package Engineering, Ian Sommerville, Ninth edition, Pearson education
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. software package Engineering : A Primer, Waman S Jawadekar, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008
2. software package Engineering, an exact Approach, PankajJalote, Wiley Asian country,2010.
3. software package Engineering, Principles and Practices, Deepak faith, Oxford Press.
4. software package Engineering1: Abstraction and modeling, Diner Bjorner, Springer International edition, 2006.
by Rishi | Jun 4, 2019 | Jntuk lecture notes
Signals and Systems
OBJECTIVES:
The main objectives of this course square measure given below:
• To introduce the word of signals and systems.
• To introduce Fourier tools through the analogy between vectors and signals.
• To introduce the construct of sampling and reconstruction of signals.
• to research the linear systems in time and frequency domains.
• to check z-transform as mathematical tool to research discrete-time signals and systems.
UNIT- I:
INTRODUCTION: Definition of Signals and Systems, Classification of Signals, Classification of Systems, Operations on signals: time-shifting, time-scaling, amplitude-shifting, amplitude-scaling. issues on classification and characteristics of Signals and Systems. complicated exponential and curved signals, Singularity performs and connected functions: impulse function, step perform signum perform and ramp perform. Analogy between vectors and signals, orthogonal signal area, Signal approximation mistreatment orthogonal functions, Mean sq. error, closed or complete set of orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in complicated functions.
UNIT –II:
Fourier series AND FOURIER TRANSFORM: Fourier series illustration of continuous time periodic signals, properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet’s conditions, pure mathematics Fourier series and Exponential Fourier series, complicated Fourier spectrum. derivation Fourier remodel from Fourier series, Fourier remodel of discretional signal, Fourier remodel of ordinary signals, Fourier remodel of periodic signals, properties of Fourier transforms, Fourier transforms involving impulse perform and Signum perform. Introduction to David Hilbert remodel.
UNIT –III:
SAMPLING THEOREM – Graphical and analytical proof for Band restricted Signals, impulse sampling, Natural and Flat high Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, impact of beneath sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass sampling.
UNIT-IV:
ANALYSIS OF LINEAR SYSTEMS: Linear system, impulse response, Response of a linear system, Linear time invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system, construct of convolution in time domain and frequency domain, Graphical illustration of convolution, Transfer perform of a LTI system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a system, Signal information measure, system information measure, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, relation and Poly-Wiener criterion for physical realization, relationship between information measure and rise time.
Cross-correlation and auto-correlation of functions, properties of correlation perform, Energy density spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation between machine correlation perform and energy/power spectral density perform. Relation between convolution and correlation, Detection of periodic signals within the presence of noise by correlation, Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.
UNIT –V:
mathematician|Pierre Simon de Laplace|mathematician|astronomer|uranologist|stargazer} TRANSFORMS : Review of Laplace transforms, Partial fraction growth, Inverse astronomer remodel, construct of region of convergence (ROC) for astronomer transforms, constraints on mythical monster for varied categories of signals, Properties of L.T’s, Relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a symbol. astronomer remodel of sure signals mistreatment wave synthesis.
II Year – I Semester
L T P C
4 0 0 3
SIGNALS & SYSTEMS
UNIT –VI:
Z–TRANSFORMS : basic distinction between continuous-time and discrete-time signals, separate signaling illustration mistreatment complicated exponential and curved parts, cyclicity of separate time mistreatment complicated exponential signal, construct of Z- remodel of a separate sequence. Distinction between astronomer, Fourier and Z transforms. Region of convergence in Z-Transform, constraints on mythical monster for varied categories of signals, Inverse Z-transform, properties of Z-transforms.
TEXT BOOKS:
- Signals, Systems & Communications – B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.
- 2. Signals and Systems – A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn.
- 3. Signals & Systems- Narayan Iyer and K Satya Prasad, Cenage Pub.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
- Signals & Systems – Simon Haykin and Van Veen, Wiley, 2d Edition. 2. Principles of Linear Systems and Signals – BP lathee, university Press, 2015 3. Signals and Systems – K Raja Rajeswari, B VisweswaraRao, PHI, 2009 4. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems- Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition, 2008. 5. Signals and Systems – T K Rawat , university press, 2011
OUTCOMES:
At the top of this course the scholar can in a position to:
• Characterize the signals and systems and principles of vector areas, construct of orthgonality.
• Analyze the continuous-time signals and continuous-time systems mistreatment Fourier series, Fourier remodel and astronomer remodel.
• Apply sampling theorem to convert continuous-time signals to discrete-time signal and reconstruct back.
• perceive the relationships among the varied representations of LTI systems
• perceive the ideas of convolution, correlation, Energy and Power density spectrum and their relationships.
• Apply z-transform to research discrete-time signals and systems.
by Rishi | Jun 4, 2019 | Jntuk lecture notes
Satellite Communications
JntukMaterials R16 ECE 4-1 Satellite Communications notes Download for Only 10 rs in our website jntukmaterials.com
by Rishi | Jun 4, 2019 | Jntuk lecture notes
Random Variables and Stochastic Process
OBJECTIVES:
• to grant students AN introduction to elementary applied math, in preparation for courses on applied math analysis, random variables and random processes.
• To mathematically model the random phenomena with the assistance of applied math ideas.
• To introduce the necessary ideas of random variables and random processes.
• to research the LTI systems with stationary random method as input.
• To introduce the categories of noise and modelling noise sources.
UNIT I
THE variate : Introduction, Review of applied math, Definition of a variate, Conditions for a operate to be a variate, Discrete, Continuous and Mixed Random Variables, Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Conditional Distribution, Conditional Density, Properties.
UNIT II
OPERATION ON ONE variate – EXPECTATIONS : Introduction, first moment of a variate, operate of a variate, Moments concerning the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and Skew, Chebychev’s difference, Characteristic operate, Moment Generating operate, Transformations of a variate: Monotonic Transformations for endless Random Variable, nonmonotonic Transformations of Continuous variate.
UNIT III
MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES : Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution operate, Properties of Joint Distribution, Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density, applied math Independence, add of 2 Random Variables, add of many Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem: Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions. OPERATIONS ON MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES: Joint Moments concerning the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, collectivelymathematician Random Variables: 2 Random Variables case, N Random Variables case, Properties, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables, Linear Transformations of mathematician Random Variables.
UNIT IV
RANDOM PROCESSES – TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS: The Random method idea, Classification of Processes, settled and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, idea of Stationarity and applied math Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second-order and Wide-Sense Stationarity, Nth-order and Strict-Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and haphazardness, Autocorrelation operate and its Properties, Cross-Correlation operate and its Properties, variance Functions, mathematician Random Processes, Poisson Random method.
UNIT V
RANDOM PROCESSES – SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS: the facility Density Spectrum: Properties, Relationship between Power Density Spectrum and Autocorrelation operate, The Cross-Power Density Spectrum, Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Density Spectrum and Cross-Correlation operate.
II Year – I Semester
L T P C
4 0 0 3
RANDOM VARIABLES PROCESSES
UNIT VI
LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM INPUTS : Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response – Convolution, Mean and Mean-squared worth of System Response, Autocorrelation operate of Response, Cross-Correlation Functions of Input and Output, Spectral Characteristics of System Response: Power Density Spectrum of Response, Cross-Power Density Spectra of Input and Output, Band pass, Band-Limited and Narrowband Processes, Properties, Modeling of Noise supplys: Resistive (Thermal) Noise Source, impulsive Noise Sources, Effective Noise Temperature, Average Noise Figure, Average Noise Figure of cascaded networks.
TEXT BOOKS:
one. likelihood, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles, Peyton Z. Peebles, TMH, fourthEdition, 2001. 2. likelihood, Random Variables and random Processes, Athanasios Papoulis and S.Unnikrisha, PHI, fourth Edition, 2002.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
one. applied math and random Processes – B. Prabhakara Rao, baccalaureate Publications
two. likelihood and Random Processes with Applications to Signal process, Henry Stark and John W. Woods, Pearson Education, third Edition.
3. Schaum’s define of likelihood, Random Variables, and Random Processes.
4. AN Introduction to Random Signals and discipline, B.P. Lathi, International Textbook, 1968.
5. Random method – Ludeman , John Wiley half-dozen. applied math and Random Processes, P. Ramesh adult male, McGrawHill, 2015.
OUTCOMES:
After completion of the course, the scholarareready to
• Mathematically model the random phenomena and solve easy probabilistic issues.
• establishdiffering types of random variables and reckonapplied math averages of those random variables.
• Characterize the random processes within the time and frequency domains.
• Analyze the LTI systems with random inputs.
• Apply these techniques to research the systems within the presence of various kinds of noise.
by Rishi | Jun 4, 2019 | Jntuk lecture notes
Statistics with R Programming
OBJECTIVE:
After taking the course, students will be able to
Use R for statistical programming, computation, graphics, and modeling, Write functions and use R in an efficient way,
Fit some basic types of statistical models
Use R in their own research,
Be able to expand their knowledge of R on their own.
UNIT-I:
Introduction, How to run R, R Sessions and Functions, Basic Math, Variables, Data Types, Vectors, Conclusion, Advanced Data Structures, Data Frames, Lists, Matrices, Arrays, Classes.
UNIT-II:
R Programming Structures, Control Statements, Loops, – Looping Over Nonvector Sets,- If-Else, Arithmetic and Boolean Operators and values, Default Values for Argument, Return Values, Deciding Whether to explicitly call return- Returning Complex Objects, Functions are Objective, No Pointers in R, Recursion, A Quicksort Implementation-Extended Extended Example: A Binary Search Tree.
UNIT-III:
Doing Math and Simulation in R, Math Function, Extended Example Calculating ProbabilityCumulative Sums and Products-Minima and Maxima- Calculus, Functions Fir Statistical Distribution, Sorting, Linear Algebra Operation on Vectors and Matrices, Extended Example: Vector cross Product- Extended Example: Finding Stationary Distribution of Markov Chains, Set Operation, Input /out put, Accessing the Keyboard and Monitor, Reading and writer Files,
UNIT-IV:
Graphics, Creating Graphs, The Workhorse of R Base Graphics, the plot() Function – Customizing Graphs, Saving Graphs to Files. UNIT-V: Probability Distributions, Normal Distribution- Binomial Distribution- Poisson Distributions Other Distribution, Basic Statistics, Correlation and Covariance, T-Tests,-ANOVA.
UNIT-VI:
Linear Models, Simple Linear Regression, -Multiple Regression Generalized Linear Models, Logistic Regression, – Poisson Regression- other Generalized Linear Models-Survival Analysis, Nonlinear Models, Splines- Decision- Random Forests,
OUTCOMES:
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
List motivation for learning a programming language
Access online resources for R and import new function packages into the R workspace
Import, review, manipulate and summarize data-sets in R
Explore data-sets to create testable hypotheses and identify appropriate statistical tests
Perform appropriate statistical tests using R Create and edit visualizations with
TEXT BOOKS:
1) The Art of R Programming, A K Verma, Cengage Learning.
2) R for Everyone, Lander, Pearson
3) The Art of R Programming, Norman Matloff, No starch Press. REFERENCE
BOOKS:
1) R Cookbook, Paul Teetor, Oreilly.
2) R in Action, Rob Kabacoff, Manning
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