JNTUK R23 B.Tech CSE II Year II Semester (2-2) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

II Year II Semester — course structure

A mandatory 8-week Community Service Project internship also runs during the summer vacation between II-II and III-I.

II Year II Semester — subjects

Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis

— the business-and-money course every engineer needs before making cost-benefit calls on real projects.

• Unit 1: Managerial economics fundamentals — demand concepts, elasticity, and demand forecasting methods
• Unit 2: Production and cost analysis — production functions, returns to scale, and break-even analysis
• Unit 3: Business organization forms and market structures, from perfect competition to oligopoly, plus pricing strategy
• Unit 4: Capital budgeting — working capital estimation and investment evaluation via payback period, ARR, NPV, and IRR
• Unit 5: Financial accounting — double-entry bookkeeping, final accounts, and ratio-based financial analysis

Probability & Statistics

— the statistical foundation that resurfaces later in ML model evaluation, A/B testing, and research methodology.

• Unit 1: Descriptive statistics for data science — data types, visualization, central tendency, variability, skewness, and kurtosis
• Unit 2: Correlation (including rank correlation) and linear/curvilinear regression
• Unit 3: Probability theory — conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, random variables, and standard distributions (binomial, Poisson, uniform, normal)
• Unit 4: Sampling theory — point/interval estimation, the central limit theorem, and t- and F-distributions
• Unit 5: Hypothesis testing — Type I/II errors, significance levels, and tests for large and small samples

Operating Systems

— the systems course that explains what’s actually happening under a running program, from process scheduling to file storage.

• Unit 1: OS overview and system structures — services, system calls, and OS design/implementation
• Unit 2: Process concepts, inter-process communication, multithreading models, and CPU scheduling algorithms
• Unit 3: Synchronization tools (critical sections, mutex locks, semaphores, monitors) and deadlock prevention/avoidance/detection
• Unit 4: Memory management — contiguous allocation, paging, virtual memory, demand paging, and storage management
• Unit 5: File systems — access methods, directory structures, allocation methods, and protection mechanisms

Database Management Systems

— arguably the most job-relevant theory course of the semester, covering everything from ER modeling to transaction internals.

• Unit 1: Database fundamentals, schema architecture, and Entity-Relationship modeling
• Unit 2: The relational model and basic SQL — schema definition and core DML operations
• Unit 3: Advanced SQL — nested queries, joins, aggregation, grouping, and views
• Unit 4: Normalization — functional dependencies and normal forms from 1NF through 5NF (including BCNF)
• Unit 5: Transaction management, concurrency control, recovery, and indexing (B+ trees, hash-based indexing)

Software Engineering

— reframes coding as a managed process, covering planning, design, testing, and maintenance at scale rather than just writing code.

• Unit 1: Software life cycle models — waterfall, RAD, spiral, and agile
• Unit 2: Project management — size/effort estimation, COCOMO, risk management, and requirements specification (SRS)
• Unit 3: Software design — modularity, cohesion/coupling, agile practices (XP), and user interface design
• Unit 4: Coding and testing — black-box/white-box testing, debugging, and quality standards (ISO 9000, CMM)
• Unit 5: CASE tools, software maintenance strategies, and software reuse

Operating Systems Lab

— puts OS theory into a terminal, turning scheduling and memory-management algorithms into runnable simulations.

• UNIX commands and system calls (fork, exec, wait) alongside shell-command simulations
• CPU scheduling algorithm simulations (FCFS, SJF, priority, round robin) and semaphore/monitor-based process synchronization
• Page replacement and file allocation strategy simulations, plus the Banker’s algorithm for deadlock avoidance

Database Management Systems Lab

— where SQL and PL/SQL move from lecture slides to a working, queryable schema.

• DDL/DML operations, constraint enforcement, and nested/aggregate SQL queries with views
• PL/SQL programming — control structures, procedures, functions, cursors, and triggers
• JDBC-based database connectivity for inserting, updating, and deleting records from Java

Full Stack Development – I

— the first half of the stack: static, styled, and scripted web pages before any backend framework enters the picture.

• HTML structuring — lists, links, images, tables, forms, and frames
• CSS styling — selector types, the box model, and layout with colors, backgrounds, and fonts
• JavaScript fundamentals — conditionals, loops, functions, events, and a first look at Node.js

Design Thinking & Innovation

— a BS&H elective that treats invention as a teachable process rather than a flash of inspiration.

• Unit 1: Design fundamentals — elements, principles, and the history of design thinking
• Unit 2: The design thinking process — empathize, analyze, ideate, and prototype, applied to social innovation
• Unit 3: Innovation — distinguishing creativity from innovation and building innovation-focused teams
• Unit 4: Product design — problem formulation, product strategy, and specification writing
• Unit 5: Design thinking in business — applying the framework to startups and corporate strategic innovation