Electrical & ElectronicsSemester 3-2 syllabus

Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation

covers the construction and working principles of analog and digital measuring instruments, bridges and transducers used to measure electrical quantities accurately.

• Unit 1: Analog ammeters, voltmeters and instrument transformers
• Unit 2: Wattmeters, power factor meters and potentiometers
• Unit 3: DC and AC bridges for resistance, inductance and capacitance measurement
• Unit 4: Transducers — resistive, inductive, capacitive, LVDT, strain gauges and thermocouples
• Unit 5: Digital meters — DVMs, frequency meters and CRO-based measurements

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

introduces microprocessor and microcontroller architecture and programming, from the 8086 through the 8051 and PIC families, the embedded-computing foundation used in later automation and IoT subjects.

• Unit 1: 8086 microprocessor architecture, memory and register organization
• Unit 2: 8086 instruction set, addressing modes and minimum/maximum mode operation
• Unit 3: I/O interfacing using the 8255 PPI, ADC/DAC and DMA controller
• Unit 4: 8051 microcontroller architecture, instruction set and peripheral interfacing
• Unit 5: PIC18 microcontroller architecture and C programming

Power System Analysis

develops the network modelling and fault-analysis techniques (Ybus/Zbus formation, load flow, symmetrical components) used to plan and operate large power systems reliably.

• Unit 1: Network topology, per-unit representation, and Ybus formation
• Unit 2: Load flow studies using Gauss-Seidel, Newton-Raphson and fast decoupled methods
• Unit 3: Zbus building algorithm and symmetrical fault analysis
• Unit 4: Symmetrical components and unsymmetrical fault analysis
• Unit 5: Power system stability — swing equation and equal area criterion

Professional Elective-II: Switchgear and Protection

covers circuit breakers, protective relays and grounding schemes that detect faults and isolate them before they damage equipment or destabilize the grid.

• Unit 1: Circuit breakers — arc interruption, restriking voltage, and air blast/vacuum/SF6 breakers
• Unit 2: Electromagnetic relays — induction disc/cup relays, and distance and differential relays
• Unit 3: Generator and transformer protection schemes
• Unit 4: Feeder and busbar protection, and static relays
• Unit 5: Over-voltage protection and neutral grounding methods

Professional Elective-II: Advanced Control Systems

extends classical control into state-space and nonlinear methods (controllability, Lyapunov stability, optimal control) for engineers who need to design controllers beyond simple transfer-function techniques.

• Unit 1: Controllability, observability and pole-placement design
• Unit 2: Nonlinear systems — phase-plane analysis and describing functions
• Unit 3: Stability analysis using Lyapunov’s method
• Unit 4: Calculus of variations and constrained minimization
• Unit 5: Optimal control and state regulator problems

Professional Elective-II: Renewable and Distributed Energy Technologies

looks at how wind, solar and small-hydro sources are modelled, controlled and combined into hybrid systems for grid-connected or standalone use.

• Unit 1: Wind energy system fundamentals and site considerations
• Unit 2: Wind power/speed relations and generator control (self-excited and doubly-fed induction generators)
• Unit 3: Solar PV modelling, MPPT techniques and solar park design
• Unit 4: Small hydro and other sources — tidal, geothermal and gas-based generation
• Unit 5: Hybrid renewable energy system design and grid integration

Professional Elective-III: Electric Drives

covers how power electronic converters control the speed and torque of DC, induction and synchronous motors in industrial drive applications.

• Unit 1: Electric drive fundamentals, load torque classification and braking methods
• Unit 2: Converter-fed DC motor drives (three-phase controlled converters and dual converters)
• Unit 3: DC-DC converter-fed DC motor drives across quadrants of operation
• Unit 4: Induction motor drive control — AC voltage regulators, V/f control and slip power recovery
• Unit 5: Synchronous motor drive control, including PMSM operation

Professional Elective-III: Digital Signal Processing

builds discrete-time signal processing skills (DFT/FFT, filter design, multirate processing) essential for anyone working with sampled electrical signals.

• Unit 1: Discrete-time signals and systems, and Z-transform-based analysis
• Unit 2: Discrete Fourier transform and FFT algorithms
• Unit 3: IIR digital filter design and structures
• Unit 4: FIR digital filter design and structures
• Unit 5: Multirate signal processing — decimation, interpolation and filter banks

Professional Elective-III: High Voltage Engineering

explains how insulation breaks down under high-voltage stress and how engineers generate and measure the extreme voltages used to test power equipment.

• Unit 1: Breakdown phenomena in gases and vacuum
• Unit 2: Breakdown phenomena in liquid and solid dielectrics
• Unit 3: Generation of high DC and AC voltages
• Unit 4: Generation of impulse voltages and currents
• Unit 5: Measurement of high DC, AC and impulse voltages and currents

Open Elective-II: Fundamentals of Electric Vehicles

introduces the components, motors and energy storage systems that make up electric and hybrid vehicles, a fast-growing application area for EEE graduates.

• Unit 1: EV fundamentals — vehicle dynamics and the need for electric vehicles
• Unit 2: EV components — traction motors, power converters and inverters
• Unit 3: Motors used in electric vehicles and their comparison
• Unit 4: Hybrid electric vehicle architectures — series, parallel and complex HEVs
• Unit 5: Energy storage — battery types, charging and battery management systems

Open Elective-II: Electrical Wiring Estimation and Costing

covers the practical skills of designing, estimating and costing electrical wiring installations for buildings, small industries and substations.

• Unit 1: Electrical symbols and simple wiring circuits
• Unit 2: Design considerations for electrical installations — distribution, protection and earthing
• Unit 3: Wiring installation and cost estimation for buildings and small industries
• Unit 4: Substation types and quantity estimation
• Unit 5: Motor control circuits and starting methods

Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation Lab

bench experiments in calibration, bridge measurements and transducer characterization that complement the Electrical Measurements theory course.

• Wattmeter calibration by phantom loading, and resistance/capacitance/inductance measurement using Kelvin, Schering and Anderson bridges
• CT and PT testing for ratio and phase-angle error
• Characterizing thermocouples, LVDTs, capacitive transducers and strain gauges, plus energy meter and potentiometer calibration

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Lab

assembly-language programming on 8086 and 8051 platforms to reinforce microprocessor architecture and interfacing concepts with hands-on coding.

• 8086 assembly programs for arithmetic, logic operations, array sorting and string operations
• 8051 programs for arithmetic operations, number conversion and array processing
• Interfacing experiments — 8255 PPI, stepper motor control, timers, serial communication and a traffic light controller using 8051

IoT Applications of Electrical Engineering Lab

introduces Arduino and Raspberry Pi programming, sensor/display interfacing and wireless communication, the practical IoT skillset increasingly used in smart electrical systems.

• Programming Arduino/Raspberry Pi and interfacing LEDs, buzzers and push-button/digital sensors
• Interfacing temperature and other sensors, OLED/7-segment displays, and Bluetooth communication
• Building small IoT applications — cloud data upload, fire alarm detection, heart-rate monitoring and Alexa-based home automation

Research Methodology & IPR

a mandatory audit course introducing research problem formulation, technical writing, and the fundamentals of intellectual property rights that every engineering researcher needs to know.

• Unit 1: Research problem identification, formulation and data collection
• Unit 2: Literature review, research ethics and technical writing/proposal development
• Unit 3: Nature of intellectual property — patents, designs, trademarks and copyright, and the patenting process
• Unit 4: Patent rights, licensing and technology transfer
• Unit 5: New developments in IPR, including biological systems and traditional knowledge