JNTUK R23 B.Tech Mechanical II Year I Semester (2-1) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

Total: 15-2-10, 20 credits

Numerical Methods and Transform Techniques

builds the applied-maths toolkit mechanical engineers lean on for approximating solutions that don’t have a clean closed form, from root-finding through to signal analysis.

• Unit 1: Iterative methods for algebraic and transcendental equations (bisection, secant, false position, iteration, Newton-Raphson), plus interpolation using Newton’s forward/backward formulae and Lagrange’s method
• Unit 2: Numerical integration (trapezoidal, Simpson’s 1/3 and 3/8 rules) and solving initial-value ODEs via Taylor series, Picard’s method, and related step methods
• Unit 3: Laplace transforms, standard transform pairs, the Dirac delta function, inverse Laplace transforms, the convolution theorem, and their use in solving ODEs and integro-differential equations
• Unit 4: Fourier series of periodic functions, Dirichlet’s conditions, even/odd functions, change of interval, and half-range sine/cosine series
• Unit 5: Fourier transforms — the Fourier integral theorem, sine/cosine integrals, properties, inverse transforms, the convolution theorem, and finite Fourier transforms

Universal Human Values – Understanding Harmony & Ethical Human Conduct

a values-and-ethics course (AICTE’s UHV-II model) that asks students to examine what a genuinely fulfilling life and a responsible professional practice actually require, beyond technical competence.

• Unit 1: Course orientation and self-exploration — distinguishing natural acceptance from social conditioning, and the basic aspiration toward continuous happiness and prosperity
• Unit 2: Harmony within the individual — the relationship between the self and the body, and what self-regulation and health actually mean
• Unit 3: Harmony in family and society — trust and respect as foundational relational values, and a vision for a harmonious social order
• Unit 4: Harmony with nature — interconnectedness across the mineral, plant, animal, and human orders of existence
• Unit 5: Putting the holistic understanding into practice — implications for ethical professional conduct, humanistic education, and institutional/management models

Thermodynamics

covers the laws governing energy conversion between heat and work, giving mechanical engineers the vocabulary and property relationships behind every engine, refrigerator, and power cycle they’ll later design.

• Unit 1: Basic concepts — systems, boundaries, thermodynamic equilibrium, state, process, and reversibility versus irreversibility
• Unit 2: Zeroth and First Laws of Thermodynamics, work and heat as path functions, enthalpy, and heat engine/heat pump performance parameters
• Unit 3: Second Law of Thermodynamics (Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements), Carnot’s principle, entropy, availability, and Gibbs/Helmholtz functions
• Unit 4: Properties of pure substances — P-V-T surfaces, T-S and h-s diagrams, Mollier charts, and phase-change behaviour
• Unit 5: Refrigeration and air-conditioning fundamentals — vapour compression cycles, COP, psychrometric properties, and human-comfort load calculations

Mechanics of Solids

the core strength-of-materials course that teaches how loaded components deform and fail, the foundation for every later design and machine-elements subject.

• Unit 1: Simple stresses and strains, Hooke’s law, composite bars, complex/biaxial stress states, Mohr’s circle, and strain energy under different loading types
• Unit 2: Shear force and bending moment diagrams for cantilever, simply-supported, and overhanging beams under various load types
• Unit 3: Flexural and shear stress theory — the bending equation, section modulus, and shear stress distribution across common cross-sections
• Unit 4: Beam deflection (double integration, Macaulay’s method, Mohr’s theorem) and torsion of circular shafts
• Unit 5: Thin and thick cylinders/spheres under pressure, and column buckling via Euler’s and Rankine’s formulae

Material Science and Metallurgy

explains why metals and alloys behave the way they do at a microstructural level, so students can later choose and process the right material for a given mechanical application.

• Unit 1: Crystal structures and packing, grain boundaries and imperfections, alloying theory, and equilibrium/phase diagrams including Cu-Ni and Fe-Fe3C
• Unit 2: Ferrous alloys (cast irons, plain-carbon and alloy steels) and non-ferrous alloys (copper, aluminium, titanium, magnesium, superalloys)
• Unit 3: Heat treatment of steels — annealing, normalizing, hardening, TTT diagrams, tempering, hardenability, and surface-hardening methods
• Unit 4: Powder metallurgy — powder production, compaction, sintering, and applications of sintered products
• Unit 5: Ceramics, composites (PMC/MMC/CMC), and an introduction to nanomaterials and smart materials

Mechanics of Solids and Materials Science Lab

pairs mechanical-testing practice with microstructure observation so theory from the two lecture courses gets verified on real specimens.

• Mechanics of Solids section: tensile, bending, torsion, hardness (Brinell/Rockwell/Vickers), spring, impact (Charpy/Izod), punch shear, and liquid-penetrant tests
• Materials Science section: microstructure preparation and study of pure metals, plain-carbon steels, cast irons, non-ferrous alloys, heat-treated steels, and Jominy end-quench hardenability testing

Computer-Aided Machine Drawing

moves students from manual drafting conventions into CAD, covering how joints, couplings, and assemblies are represented and toleranced in a professional drawing.

• 2D CAD exercises: thread profiles, bolted/riveted/welded joint conventions, keys, and rigid/flexible couplings
• 3D CAD exercises: solid modelling and sectional views of machine parts, plus assembly drawings such as tool posts, tailstocks, gate valves, and screw jacks
• Production drawing: translating 3D assemblies into 2D manufacturing drawings with dimensional and geometric tolerances

Python Programming Lab

a hands-on introduction to Python meant to give mechanical students a general-purpose scripting and data-handling skill they can apply to engineering computation, not just software electives.

• Core language exercises: syntax, control structures, functions/modules, lists/tuples, dictionaries/sets, string handling, and file I/O
• Applied exercises: exception handling, object-oriented programming, and using third-party libraries and packages
• Data-focused exercises: data manipulation and visualization with Pandas/Matplotlib, plus basic web-scraping, API, and database (SQLite) interaction

Embedded Systems and IoT

introduces microcontroller interfacing and internet-connected sensing, the building blocks behind smart manufacturing and mechatronic systems covered later in the programme.

• Embedded systems experiments: sensor signal acquisition, PWM generation, serial/SPI communication, and stepper-motor and accelerometer interfacing using Arduino
• IoT experiments: Raspberry Pi setup and Python-based development, distance/LED interfacing, public API/SDK interaction, and Zigbee protocol basics

Environmental Science

a mandatory audit course covering ecological literacy and environmental law, meant to instil awareness of the sustainability trade-offs engineers create.

• Unit 1: Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and the use/over-exploitation of forest, water, mineral, and food resources
• Unit 2: Ecosystem structure and function, food chains/webs, and biodiversity conservation
• Unit 3: Causes and control of air, water, soil, marine, noise, and thermal pollution, plus solid-waste and disaster management
• Unit 4: Sustainable development, water conservation, environmental legislation (Environment Protection Act, Water Act, Air Act, Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act)
• Unit 5: Population growth, human health, and the role of information technology and value education in environmental welfare