Electrical & ElectronicsSemester 2-2 syllabus

Managerial Economics & Financial Analysis

introduces the economic and accounting concepts engineers need to evaluate business decisions: demand, cost, market structures, capital budgeting and financial statement analysis.

• Unit 1: Managerial economics fundamentals — demand concept, elasticity and forecasting
• Unit 2: Production and cost analysis, and break-even analysis
• Unit 3: Forms of business organization and market structures — perfect/imperfect competition, monopoly, pricing strategy
• Unit 4: Working capital and capital budgeting techniques (payback period, ARR, NPV, IRR)
• Unit 5: Financial accounting basics — double-entry bookkeeping, final accounts, and ratio analysis

Analog Circuits

builds transistor and op-amp circuit design skills, from biasing and feedback through oscillators to data converters, underpinning the analog electronics used inside instrumentation and control systems.

• Unit 1: Diode clipping/clamping circuits and BJT DC biasing techniques
• Unit 2: Small-signal BJT modelling using h-parameters and feedback amplifier configurations
• Unit 3: Oscillator circuits (RC phase shift, Wien bridge, crystal) and operational amplifier characteristics
• Unit 4: Op-amp applications (instrumentation amplifier, integrator/differentiator) and waveform generators
• Unit 5: 555 timer and phase-locked loop circuits, plus DAC and ADC techniques

Power Systems-I

surveys how electricity is generated, substations are configured, and distribution networks are designed and priced, the big-picture plumbing that later subjects analyse in more depth.

• Unit 1: Hydroelectric and thermal power station layout and components
• Unit 2: Nuclear power stations — reactor types, components and radiation safety
• Unit 3: Air-insulated and gas-insulated substations and bus-bar arrangements
• Unit 4: Underground cable construction/grading and distribution system design
• Unit 5: Load curves, economic factors of generation, and tariff methods

Induction and Synchronous Machines

covers the construction, performance and control of three-phase and single-phase induction motors alongside synchronous generators and motors, the AC machines that dominate industrial power use.

• Unit 1: Three-phase induction motor construction, rotating field production and equivalent circuit
• Unit 2: Induction motor torque-slip characteristics, testing, starting methods and speed control
• Unit 3: Single-phase induction motors — double revolving field theory and starting methods
• Unit 4: Synchronous generator construction, armature windings, EMF equation and voltage regulation
• Unit 5: Synchronous motor operation, excitation effects and hunting

Control Systems

teaches how to model, analyse and stabilize feedback systems, from transfer functions and time-domain response through frequency response and state-space methods, skills used across every automated electrical system.

• Unit 1: Mathematical modelling — transfer functions, block diagram algebra and signal flow graphs
• Unit 2: Time response analysis, error constants, Routh’s stability criterion and root locus
• Unit 3: Frequency response analysis using Bode diagrams, polar plots and the Nyquist criterion
• Unit 4: Lag, lead and lag-lead compensator design using Bode plots
• Unit 5: State-space representation, canonical forms, and controllability/observability

Induction and Synchronous Machines Lab

bench experiments that let students measure the torque, speed and regulation characteristics of induction motors and alternators predicted by the theory course.

• Brake test and circle diagram of three-phase induction motors, plus V/f speed control
• Single-phase induction motor equivalent circuit and power factor improvement
• Alternator regulation by synchronous impedance, MMF and Potier triangle methods, and parallel operation of alternators

Control Systems Lab

hands-on experiments with servo components, compensators and PLCs that make abstract control-theory concepts like stability and controllability tangible.

• Time-domain analysis of second-order systems and the effect of P/PD/PI/PID controllers
• Lag/lead compensator design, transfer function determination of DC motors, and Bode/root locus/Nyquist plotting in MATLAB
• Characteristics of magnetic amplifiers, AC/DC servo motors and synchros, plus PLC logic gate verification

Python Programming Lab

a practical Python course covering core syntax through data structures, file handling, OOP and a first taste of data-science libraries, the general-purpose programming skill engineers need for automation and analysis.

• Unit 1: Python basics — data types, control flow statements, and exception handling
• Unit 2: Functions, built-in modules, and string/list operations
• Unit 3: Dictionaries, tuples and sets
• Unit 4: File handling and object-oriented programming (classes, inheritance, polymorphism)
• Unit 5: Introduction to data science tools — JSON/XML handling, NumPy and Pandas

Design Thinking & Innovation

introduces the design-thinking process of empathizing, ideating and prototyping, so students approach product development with a structured, user-centred method rather than guesswork.

• Unit 1: Elements and principles of design, and the history of design thinking
• Unit 2: The design thinking process — empathize, analyze, ideate and prototype
• Unit 3: Innovation versus creativity, and building innovation-focused teams
• Unit 4: Product design — problem formulation, product strategy and specifications
• Unit 5: Applying design thinking to business processes, startups and business-model testing