Electrical & ElectronicsSemester 4-1 syllabus

Power System Operation and Control

covers how power systems are operated economically and kept stable in real time: economic dispatch, unit commitment, load-frequency control and reactive power compensation.

• Unit 1: Economic operation of power systems — incremental fuel cost and optimal generation allocation
• Unit 2: Hydrothermal scheduling and the unit commitment problem
• Unit 3: Load frequency control for a single-area system
• Unit 4: Load frequency control for a two-area system
• Unit 5: Reactive power compensation and an introduction to FACTS devices

Energy Management & Auditing

extends energy-auditing concepts into demand-side management and lifecycle-cost economics that utilities and industries use to plan energy-efficiency programs.

• Unit 1: Basic principles and types of energy audits
• Unit 2: Energy management principles and the energy manager’s role
• Unit 3: Energy-efficient motors and lighting system design
• Unit 4: Demand-side management techniques and energy measurement instruments
• Unit 5: Economic analysis of energy investments — payback, NPV and life-cycle costing

Professional Elective-IV: EHVAC & HVDC Transmission Systems

covers extra-high-voltage AC and HVDC transmission technology, from corona and electrostatic field effects to converter control and harmonic filtering, used for bulk long-distance power transfer.

• Unit 1: EHV AC transmission fundamentals — electrostatics and voltage gradients on bundled conductors
• Unit 2: Corona effects — power loss, audible noise and radio interference
• Unit 3: Basic concepts, economics and equipment of HVDC transmission
• Unit 4: HVDC converter analysis (6-pulse/12-pulse Graetz circuits) and DC link control
• Unit 5: Harmonics in HVDC systems and AC filter design

Professional Elective-IV: Programmable Logic Controllers

introduces PLC hardware, ladder-logic programming and industrial control functions used to automate electrical and process control systems.

• Unit 1: PLC system components and ladder diagram basics
• Unit 2: PLC programming — input/output instructions and ladder logic construction
• Unit 3: Timer, counter and register functions
• Unit 4: Data handling functions and robot/sequence control
• Unit 5: Analog PLC operation and PID control modules

Professional Elective-IV: Electrical Distribution System

covers how distribution networks are modelled, designed and protected, and how voltage and power factor are managed at the point closest to the end consumer.

• Unit 1: Distribution system losses and load characteristics
• Unit 2: Substation location and distribution feeder design
• Unit 3: Voltage drop and power loss calculations for distribution lines
• Unit 4: Distribution system protection and coordination
• Unit 5: Power factor compensation and voltage control on distribution feeders

Professional Elective-V: Electric Vehicles

covers the architecture, motors, power electronics and energy storage systems that make up modern hybrid and electric vehicles.

• Unit 1: Introduction to electric and hybrid vehicle fundamentals
• Unit 2: HEV architectures — series, parallel, complex and plug-in hybrids
• Unit 3: Special motors used in EVs and HEVs
• Unit 4: Power electronic converters used in HEVs
• Unit 5: Energy storage sources for HEVs — batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors

Professional Elective-V: Switched Mode Power Conversion

dives deeper into switch-mode converter topologies, resonant conversion and controller design for the power supplies used in modern electronic and electric-vehicle systems.

• Unit 1: Non-isolated switch-mode converters — buck, boost, buck-boost and Cuk converters
• Unit 2: Isolated switched-mode converters — forward, flyback, push-pull and bridge converters
• Unit 3: Resonant converters and zero-voltage/zero-current switching
• Unit 4: Control schemes for converters and magnetic component design
• Unit 5: Converter modelling and controller design based on linearization

Professional Elective-V: Design of PV Systems

covers the practical engineering of solar photovoltaic systems, from solar radiation basics through PV component selection to system sizing, installation and maintenance.

• Unit 1: Solar energy basics — solar geometry and radiation measurement
• Unit 2: Solar PV cell technologies, I-V characteristics and MPPT techniques
• Unit 3: PV module and balance-of-system components
• Unit 4: PV system design — load estimation, sizing and simulation tools
• Unit 5: PV system installation, operation, maintenance and economic evaluation

Open Elective-III: Battery Management Systems and Charging Stations

covers how battery packs are monitored, balanced and charged safely in electric vehicles, and the charging infrastructure that supports them.

• Unit 1: Battery fundamentals — cell configurations, charging and discharging processes
• Unit 2: Battery Management System functional requirements and sensing
• Unit 3: State-of-charge/state-of-health estimation and cell balancing
• Unit 4: Battery modelling and simulation for EV performance
• Unit 5: Charging infrastructure — domestic, public, fast-charging and battery-swapping stations

Open Elective-III: Concepts of Smart Grid Technologies

introduces how digital metering, automation and communication technologies are transforming the traditional grid into a smart, self-healing and renewable-friendly network.

• Unit 1: Introduction to smart grid concepts and policies
• Unit 2: Smart grid technologies — smart meters, AMR, outage management and vehicle-to-grid
• Unit 3: Smart substations, feeder automation and smart energy storage
• Unit 4: Microgrids and distributed energy resources
• Unit 5: Communication and information technology for smart grids (AMI, HAN, NAN, WAN)

Open Elective-IV: Concepts of Power Quality

covers the disturbances (sags, swells, transients, harmonics) that degrade power quality, and the standards and mitigation techniques used to manage them.

• Unit 1: Power quality terms and classification of voltage quality problems
• Unit 2: Transient over-voltages and protection devices
• Unit 3: Long-duration voltage variations and voltage regulation
• Unit 4: Harmonic distortion, indices and filtering solutions
• Unit 5: Distributed generation’s effect on power quality and PQ monitoring

Open Elective-IV: Quantum Science and Technology

an introductory look at quantum mechanics, quantum computing and quantum communication, an emerging technology area increasingly relevant to electronics and secure communication.

• Unit 1: Fundamentals of quantum mechanics — wave-particle duality and the Schrödinger equation
• Unit 2: Quantum information theory — qubits, superposition, entanglement and quantum gates
• Unit 3: Quantum computing algorithms (Deutsch-Jozsa, Grover’s, Shor’s) and quantum programming
• Unit 4: Quantum communication — quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation
• Unit 5: Quantum technologies and applications — sensors, metrology and hardware platforms

Power Systems Simulation Lab

software-based experiments that let students apply the load-flow, fault-analysis and stability techniques from Power System Analysis and Power System Operation and Control using simulation tools.

• Y-bus and Z-bus formation, and load flow solutions using Gauss-Seidel, Newton-Raphson and Fast Decoupled methods
• Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis using Z-bus
• Economic load dispatch, transient stability analysis, and load frequency control of single- and two-area systems

Constitution of India

the source syllabus PDF lists this audit course with its L-T-P-C line only; no unit-wise syllabus content is provided anywhere in the document, so none can be given honestly here.

Evaluation of Industry Internship

listed as a 2-credit internship evaluation component; like the Community Service Internship in III-I, the source PDF gives only the credit line with no unit-wise syllabus, since it is assessed on the student’s actual internship placement rather than classroom content.