JNTUK R23 B.Tech Civil II Year I Semester (2-1) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

by Rishi | Jul 10, 2026 | JNTUK R23 Syllabus

Numerical Techniques and Statistical Methods

a math-for-engineers course that trades exact closed-form answers for the numerical and statistical tools civil engineers actually reach for when equations get messy or data needs interpreting.

• Unit 1: Root-finding by bisection, secant, false-position and Newton-Raphson methods, plus Newton’s and Lagrange’s interpolation formulae
• Unit 2: Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules, and solving initial-value ODEs using Taylor series, Picard’s, Euler’s, Runge-Kutta and Milne’s methods
• Unit 3: Bayes’ theorem, random variables and probability distributions, including Binomial, Poisson, Uniform and Normal distributions
• Unit 4: Sampling theory, point and interval estimation, and the central limit theorem
• Unit 5: Hypothesis testing — Type I/II errors, significance levels, and large- and small-sample tests using t, F and chi-square statistics

Universal Human Values – Understanding Harmony and Ethical Human Conduct

a values-and-ethics foundation course that asks engineering students to examine what they actually want out of life and work before asking them to design for other people.

• Unit 1: Introduction to value education and self-exploration as the basis of continuous happiness and prosperity
• Unit 2: Harmony within the individual, understood as the coexistence of the self and the body
• Unit 3: Harmony in the family and society, built on trust and mutual respect
• Unit 4: Harmony with nature, exploring interconnectedness among the four orders of existence
• Unit 5: Implications for professional ethics and value-based living

Surveying

the fieldwork-heavy course that teaches how land actually gets measured, mapped and marked out before a single foundation is dug.

• Unit 1: Surveying principles and accessories, and linear measurement using chains, tapes and the prismatic compass
• Unit 2: Levelling methods, contouring, and area/volume computation for earthwork
• Unit 3: Theodolite surveying — horizontal and vertical angle measurement — and traverse computation
• Unit 4: Curve setting, tacheometry, and modern equipment such as total stations, GPS, drone and LiDAR survey
• Unit 5: Photogrammetric surveying, aerial photograph geometry and mapping techniques

Strength of Materials

explains how solid materials deform and fail under load, forming the analytical backbone for every structural design decision that follows.

• Unit 1: Simple stresses and strains, Hooke’s law, elastic constants and composite bars
• Unit 2: Shear force and bending moment diagrams for cantilever, simply supported and overhanging beams
• Unit 3: Flexural and shear stress theory across cross-sections, plus torsion in circular shafts
• Unit 4: Beam deflection using double integration, Macaulay’s method and Mohr’s theorems
• Unit 5: Column buckling theory (Euler’s, Rankine-Gordon) and stress analysis of thin and thick cylindrical shells

Fluid Mechanics

covers how fluids behave at rest and in motion, the physics underlying every pipe, channel and pump a civil engineer will design.

• Unit 1: Basic fluid properties — density, viscosity, surface tension and compressibility
• Unit 2: Fluid statics, pressure-measuring devices, and hydrostatic forces on surfaces including buoyancy
• Unit 3: Fluid kinematics — flow classification, stream functions and continuity equations
• Unit 4: Fluid dynamics, Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations, and flow measurement with venturimeters and pitot tubes
• Unit 5: Pipe flow analysis, energy losses and the Darcy-Weisbach equation

Surveying Lab

hands-on practice turning chain, level, theodolite and total-station theory into usable field data.

• Linear and angular measurement exercises: chain surveying, compass traversing and plane-table radiation surveys
• Levelling exercises using height-of-instrument and rise-and-fall methods, plus theodolite angle and distance measurement
• Modern-instrument exercises: total-station area/distance determination, curve setting and contour levelling

Strength of Materials Lab

puts theoretical stress-strain concepts to the test on real steel, wood and concrete specimens.

• Tension, compression and bending tests on steel, wood and concrete to plot stress-strain and load-deflection behaviour
• Torsion, hardness, impact and shear tests to determine material-specific mechanical properties
• Spring and continuous-beam deflection tests, including use of electrical resistance strain gauges

Building Planning and Drawing

a drafting-focused course that turns building bye-laws and planning principles into actual scaled drawings.

• Detailing exercises on sign conventions, English and Flemish masonry bonds, doors, windows, ventilators and roofs
• Drawing line diagrams and plan-elevation-section sets for residential, hospital and industrial buildings under applicable bye-laws

Environmental Science

a mandatory awareness course connecting natural resource use, ecosystems and pollution to the everyday decisions engineers make.

• Unit 1: The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and renewable/non-renewable natural resources
• Unit 2: Ecosystem structure and function, food chains and biodiversity conservation
• Unit 3: Causes, effects and control of air, water, soil, marine, noise and thermal pollution, plus solid waste management
• Unit 4: Sustainable development, water conservation, climate change and environmental legislation
• Unit 5: Population growth, human health and environment-linked welfare programmes

JNTUK R23 B.Tech Civil IV Year II Semester (4-2) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

by Rishi | Jul 10, 2026 | JNTUK R23 Syllabus

Internship and Project

IV Year II Semester is dedicated entirely to a full-time industry internship and final-year project (24 practical hours per week, 12 credits). The source document does not define a unit-wise syllabus for this semester, since it is evaluated through industry placement and project work rather than classroom instruction — flagging this honestly rather than inventing content.

JNTUK R23 B.Tech Civil IV Year I Semester (4-1) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

by Rishi | Jul 10, 2026 | JNTUK R23 Syllabus

Geotechnical Engineering-II

moves from soil properties into foundation engineering, sizing footings and piles to safely carry a building’s load.

• Unit 1: Soil exploration methods and earth pressure theories (Rankine’s, Coulomb’s)
• Unit 2: Slope stability analysis and shallow foundation bearing capacity theories
• Unit 3: Bearing capacity determination methods, including Terzaghi’s and IS approaches
• Unit 4: Settlement criteria and design of shallow foundations, including raft foundations
• Unit 5: Pile foundation types, load capacity and pile group behaviour

Advanced Construction Management

covers the management disciplines — quality, cost, materials, BIM and sustainability — that run alongside actual construction work.

• Unit 1: Quality assurance, quality control and on-site safety management
• Unit 2: Cost estimation, budgeting and economic analysis methods
• Unit 3: Materials and machinery management, procurement and maintenance
• Unit 4: Building Information Modelling (BIM) for project collaboration
• Unit 5: Sustainable construction and green building certification practices

Pre-stressed Concrete

(Professional Elective-IV) — covers how tensioning steel tendons before or after casting lets concrete resist tension it otherwise couldn’t.

• Unit 1: Flexural, shear and torsional design of prestressed sections
• Unit 2: Continuous beam analysis and deflection prediction in prestressed members
• Unit 3: End block analysis (Guyon’s, Magnel’s methods) and composite section design
• Unit 4: Statically indeterminate prestressed structures and concordant cable profiles
• Unit 5: Composite construction of prestressed and in-situ concrete

Advanced Environmental Engineering

(Professional Elective-IV) — extends environmental engineering into stream pollution modelling, industrial wastewater treatment, and air and noise pollution control.

• Unit 1: Stream self-purification and the Streeter-Phelps dissolved oxygen model
• Unit 2: Advanced biological treatment — nitrification, denitrification and RBC systems
• Unit 3: Industrial wastewater treatment for sugar, dairy and pulp & paper industries
• Unit 4: Urban solid waste management and the sources/meteorology of air pollution
• Unit 5: Air pollution control equipment and noise pollution control

Design and Drawing of Irrigation Structures

(Professional Elective-IV) — a design-and-drafting course focused on the hydraulic structures that control and convey irrigation water.

• Unit 1: Design and drawing of a surplus weir
• Unit 2: Design and drawing of a tank sluice with a tower head
• Unit 3: Design and drawing of a notch-type canal drop
• Unit 4: Design and drawing of a canal regulator
• Unit 5: Design and drawing of a type-III syphon aqueduct

Advanced Structural Engineering

(Professional Elective-V) — covers specialized RCC structures beyond ordinary buildings, such as tanks, chimneys, retaining walls and flat slabs.

• Unit 1: Raft foundation and cantilever/counterfort retaining wall design
• Unit 2: RCC water tank design (circular, rectangular and Intze types)
• Unit 3: Flat slab design using direct design and equivalent frame methods
• Unit 4: RCC chimney design and loading concepts
• Unit 5: Pressed steel tank design

Environmental Impact Assessment

(offered as both Professional Elective-V and Open Elective-III) — covers how proposed projects are systematically screened for environmental consequences before approval.

• Unit 1: EIA fundamentals, stakeholder roles and cost-benefit analysis
• Unit 2: EIA methodologies — ad-hoc, matrix, network and overlay methods
• Unit 3: Impact prediction and mitigation for soil, water and air quality
• Unit 4: Impact assessment on vegetation/wildlife and environmental risk assessment
• Unit 5: MoEF&CC regulations, clearance procedures and ISO 14000 auditing

Railway and Airport Engineering

(Professional Elective-V) — covers the geometric design of railway tracks and airport runways as distinct transportation infrastructure disciplines.

• Unit 1: Railway track components, gauges and rail fastenings
• Unit 2: Railway geometric design — gradients, superelevation and curves
• Unit 3: Track turnouts, signalling systems and train movement control
• Unit 4: Airport planning, site selection and runway orientation
• Unit 5: Airfield pavement design methods and airport drainage

Building Materials for Engineers

(Open Elective-III) — the same building-materials curriculum offered to non-civil branches as an open elective, covering stones, masonry, cement and finishes.

• Unit 1: Properties and manufacture of stones, bricks and tiles, plus aluminium, gypsum, glass and bituminous materials
• Unit 2: Masonry bonding techniques, timber properties and alternative structural materials
• Unit 3: Lime and cement manufacture, composition and testing
• Unit 4: Building components — lintels, arches, staircases, floors and roof types
• Unit 5: Finishes, damp-proofing, paints, and aggregate classification

Intelligent Transportation Systems

(Open Elective-III) — introduces how sensors, communications and data systems are layered onto transportation networks to manage traffic more intelligently.

• Unit 1: ITS fundamentals, history and classification
• Unit 2: Sensor technologies and ITS data collection techniques
• Unit 3: ITS functional areas — traffic management, traveller information and public transport systems
• Unit 4: ITS architecture, planning and evaluation methods
• Unit 5: ITS applications — incident management, electronic toll collection and automated highway systems

Quantum Science and Technology

(Open Elective-IV) — a university-wide elective introducing quantum mechanics and its emerging computing, communication and sensing applications, included here as a cross-disciplinary option rather than a civil-specific subject.

• Unit 1: Quantum mechanics fundamentals — wave-particle duality, the Schrödinger equation and the uncertainty principle
• Unit 2: Quantum information theory — qubits, superposition, entanglement and quantum gates
• Unit 3: Quantum computing algorithms — Grover’s, Shor’s algorithm and quantum error correction
• Unit 4: Quantum communication — quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation
• Unit 5: Quantum sensing, metrology and hardware platforms

Geo-Spatial Technologies

(Open Elective-IV) — covers GIS and remote sensing as applied spatial-data tools for civil engineering decision-making.

• Unit 1: GIS fundamentals, map projections and coordinate systems
• Unit 2: Spatial data acquisition, formats, and data quality/error correction
• Unit 3: Spatial data modelling, overlay analysis, and cost/path analysis
• Unit 4: GIS applications in resource management, urban planning and GPS integration
• Unit 5: Remote sensing fundamentals and applications to watershed and urban modelling

Solid Waste Management

(Open Elective-IV) — covers the full lifecycle of municipal solid waste, from generation to landfill or hazardous-waste treatment.

• Unit 1: Solid waste generation, sources, sampling and characterization
• Unit 2: Waste collection, transport and transfer station design
• Unit 3: Waste processing, materials recovery and energy recovery methods
• Unit 4: Landfill classification, siting, design and leachate management
• Unit 5: Hazardous waste identification, regulation and treatment

Applied Mechanics

(Open Elective-IV) — a statics-and-dynamics refresher covering force systems, friction, centroids and rigid-body motion.

• Unit 1: Force systems, resultants, moments and equilibrium equations
• Unit 2: Friction types and applications, including wedges and screw jacks
• Unit 3: Centroids and centre of gravity of composite shapes and bodies
• Unit 4: Area and mass moments of inertia for simple and composite shapes
• Unit 5: Kinetics of rigid bodies and the work-energy principle

Skills on Civil Engineering Software

(Skill Enhancement Course) — a software-focused lab teaching structural analysis tools used in professional practice.

• Introduction to ETABS and 3D analysis of multi-storey buildings
• Analysis of continuous beams, portal frames and trusses using structural software

Constitution of India

(Audit Course) — a civic-literacy course on how India’s constitutional and administrative institutions function.

• Unit 1: Constitutional history, features, fundamental rights and directive principles
• Unit 2: Union government structure — the President, Parliament and higher judiciary
• Unit 3: State government structure — the Governor, Chief Minister and state secretariat
• Unit 4: Local administration — district, municipal and Panchayati Raj institutions
• Unit 5: The Election Commission and welfare-oriented constitutional bodies

Evaluation of Industry Internship

this internship-evaluation credit line has no unit-wise syllabus anywhere in the document; noting this honestly rather than inventing content.

JNTUK R23 B.Tech Civil III Year II Semester (3-2) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

by Rishi | Jul 10, 2026 | JNTUK R23 Syllabus

Design and Drawing of Steel Structures

applies steel design codes to connections, beams, trusses, columns and girders, with drawing plates to match.

• Unit 1: Riveted and welded connection design and permissible stresses
• Unit 2: Design of simple and compound beams, including flange curtailment and deflection checks
• Unit 3: Design of tension and compression members and roof trusses
• Unit 4: Design of built-up columns, lacing/battens and column base plates
• Unit 5: Design of welded plate girders and gantry girders

Highway Engineering

covers how road networks are planned, geometrically designed and paved to carry traffic safely.

• Unit 1: Highway planning history, classification and alignment factors
• Unit 2: Geometric design — sight distance, superelevation, and transition and vertical curves
• Unit 3: Traffic engineering — volume/speed studies, intersection design and signal timing
• Unit 4: Highway material testing — subgrade soil, aggregates and bituminous mixes
• Unit 5: Flexible and rigid pavement design methods

Environmental Engineering

covers the planning, treatment and distribution systems that deliver clean water and safely remove wastewater from a community.

• Unit 1: Water demand estimation, population forecasting and water sources
• Unit 2: Water quality standards and distribution network analysis
• Unit 3: Water treatment unit operations — sedimentation, coagulation, filtration and disinfection
• Unit 4: Sewerage system planning, sewer hydraulics and primary sewage treatment
• Unit 5: Secondary sewage treatment processes and effluent disposal methods

Ground Improvement Techniques

(Professional Elective-II) — covers methods for upgrading weak or problematic soils so they can safely support structures.

• Unit 1: In-situ densification of granular and cohesive soils, preloading and drain systems
• Unit 2: Dewatering methods — well points, sumps and electro-osmosis
• Unit 3: Soil stabilization and grouting techniques, including liquefaction concepts
• Unit 4: Reinforced-earth wall design principles and soil nailing
• Unit 5: Geosynthetics — geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes and gabions

Repair and Rehabilitation of Structures

(Professional Elective-II) — covers how to diagnose deteriorating concrete structures and select the right repair or strengthening technique.

• Unit 1: Repair materials, admixtures and non-destructive evaluation techniques
• Unit 2: Strengthening and stabilization techniques for beams, columns and connections
• Unit 3: Bonded FRP installation techniques and debonding failure mechanisms
• Unit 4: Fibre-reinforced, lightweight and fly-ash concrete properties
• Unit 5: High-performance and self-consolidating concrete

Valuation and Quantity Survey

(Professional Elective-II) — teaches how to measure, price and value construction work using standard schedules and valuation methods.

• Unit 1: Quantity surveying principles, estimate types and bill-of-quantity preparation
• Unit 2: CPWD schedule-of-rates usage and rate analysis for major construction items
• Unit 3: Detailed estimation using the centre-line method for RCC buildings
• Unit 4: Bar-bending schedules and estimation for roads, sanitary and water supply works
• Unit 5: Depreciation methods and property valuation methods

Finite Element Method

(Professional Elective-III) — introduces the numerical technique behind virtually all modern structural analysis software.

• Unit 1: Stiffness method review and variational/weighted-residual approaches
• Unit 2: Truss element stiffness formulation and 3D transformation matrices
• Unit 3: Beam element stiffness matrices and rigid frame analysis
• Unit 4: Plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric element formulations (CST/LST)
• Unit 5: Isoparametric elements, Gauss quadrature and mesh stability issues

Bridge Engineering

(Professional Elective-III) — covers bridge types, loading standards and the design of common bridge superstructures.

• Unit 1: Bridge types, nomenclature, site selection and loading standards
• Unit 2: Slab bridge design methods, including Pigeaud’s and Courbon’s theories
• Unit 3: T-beam bridge design of deck slabs and longitudinal girders
• Unit 4: Plate girder bridge element design
• Unit 5: Box culvert design and bridge inspection/maintenance practices

Water Resources Engineering

(Professional Elective-III) — covers irrigation system planning and the design of canals, diversion structures and dams.

• Unit 1: Irrigation requirements, duty, delta and irrigation efficiencies
• Unit 2: Canal design — erodible and non-erodible sections, Kennedy’s and Lacey’s theories
• Unit 3: Canal structures — falls, regulators, cross-drainage works and outlets
• Unit 4: Diversion head works and Khosla’s/Bligh’s seepage theories
• Unit 5: Reservoir planning, and gravity/earth dam and spillway design

Disaster Management

(Open Elective-II) — surveys how natural and man-made disasters are managed across the mitigation-response-recovery cycle.

• Unit 1: Natural hazard case studies — floods, earthquakes, landslides and cyclones
• Unit 2: Man-made disaster management — fire, transport hazards and industrial accidents
• Unit 3: Risk and vulnerability assessment, including building codes and land-use planning
• Unit 4: Technology’s role in disaster management, including RS and GIS applications
• Unit 5: Community preparedness and education in disaster risk reduction

Sustainability in Engineering Practices

(Open Elective-II) — frames sustainable development as an engineering discipline with its own tools, certifications and metrics.

• Unit 1: Sustainable development models and environmental legislation
• Unit 2: Local issues (solid waste) and global issues (climate change, ozone depletion)
• Unit 3: Sustainability tools — EMS, ISO 14000, life cycle assessment and EIA
• Unit 4: Green building certification (GRIHA, LEED) and sustainable cities/transport
• Unit 5: Renewable energy resources and green technology/business practices

Water Supply Systems

(Open Elective-II) — covers the practical side of delivering water to communities and managing dual/non-potable supply.

• Unit 1: Water’s role in domestic, irrigation, sanitation and fire-protection demand
• Unit 2: Surface, ground, atmospheric and recycled water sources
• Unit 3: Dual water supply — potable, grey and black water, and related diseases
• Unit 4: Water distribution based on topography, gravity and pumping systems
• Unit 5: Industrial water quality requirements and effluent standards

Environmental Engineering Lab

lab testing of water and wastewater quality parameters that determine treatability and compliance.

• Physical and chemical tests: pH, hardness, alkalinity, chlorides, solids and iron content
• Biological/oxygen demand tests: dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD determination
• Water treatment process tests: optimum coagulant dose, chlorine demand and coliform testing

Highway Engineering Lab

tests road-building materials and traffic behaviour to translate highway design theory into practice.

• Aggregate tests: crushing value, impact value, specific gravity and abrasion resistance
• Bitumen tests: penetration, ductility, softening point and Marshall stability
• Traffic surveys and design exercises: volume/speed/parking studies and road cross-section drawing

CAD Lab

builds practical skill in structural analysis and design software rather than only hand calculation.

• Analysis and design of determinate and indeterminate structures, plane and space frames using software
• Design and detailing exercises for residential buildings, roof trusses and steel members
• Foundation design programming using spreadsheet tools

Technical Paper Writing and IPR

covers how to write a clear technical report and understand the basics of intellectual property protection.

• Unit 1: Technical report structure, sentence construction and formatting
• Unit 2: Drafting, illustrations and plain-English editing
• Unit 3: Proofreading, summarizing and presenting technical reports
• Unit 4: Word-processing tools for reports — citations, tracked changes and indexing
• Unit 5: Patents, copyrights and the intellectual property registration process

Mandatory Industry Internship

an 8-week mandatory industry internship during the summer vacation is listed in the course structure, but no unit-wise syllabus for it appears anywhere in the document. Flagging this honestly.

JNTUK R23 B.Tech Civil III Year I Semester (3-1) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

by Rishi | Jul 10, 2026 | JNTUK R23 Syllabus

Design and Drawing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

takes RCC theory into practice, teaching students to size and detail beams, columns, footings and slabs using limit state design.

• Unit 1: Working stress and limit state design philosophies, and the statistical basis of characteristic loads and strengths
• Unit 2: Flexural design of singly and doubly reinforced sections and flanged (T) beams
• Unit 3: Design for shear, torsion and bond, plus serviceability checks for deflection and cracking
• Unit 4: Design of compression members and different types of isolated footings
• Unit 5: Design of one-way, two-way and continuous slabs, including waist-slab staircases

Engineering Hydrology

studies the water cycle quantitatively, showing how rainfall becomes runoff and how that runoff is measured, modelled and routed for water resources design.

• Unit 1: Precipitation measurement, IDF and DAD curves, and design storm concepts
• Unit 2: Evaporation, evapotranspiration and infiltration estimation
• Unit 3: Runoff estimation and unit hydrograph derivation and application
• Unit 4: Flood frequency analysis (Gumbel’s, Log-Pearson III) and flood routing methods
• Unit 5: Groundwater occurrence, aquifer parameters and well hydraulics

Geotechnical Engineering-I

introduces soil as an engineering material: its classification, how water moves through it, and how it compresses and shears under load.

• Unit 1: Soil formation, index properties and classification systems
• Unit 2: Soil moisture, capillarity and permeability, including Darcy’s law
• Unit 3: Flow nets, seepage analysis and stress distribution theories (Boussinesq’s, Westergaard’s)
• Unit 4: Compaction behaviour and Terzaghi’s one-dimensional consolidation theory
• Unit 5: Shear strength of soils via Mohr-Coulomb theory and drained/undrained behaviour

Advanced Structural Analysis

(Professional Elective-I) — extends structural analysis to arches, cables, suspension bridges and approximate multi-storey frame methods.

• Unit 1: Energy theorems, indeterminate truss analysis and Castigliano’s second theorem
• Unit 2: Three-hinged and two-hinged arch analysis, including temperature effects
• Unit 3: Approximate methods for building frames — portal, cantilever and substitute frame methods
• Unit 4: Cable structures and suspension bridge analysis
• Unit 5: Moment distribution, slope-deflection and Kani’s methods for frames with sway

Architecture and Town Planning

(Professional Elective-I) — surveys architectural history and planning principles so structural engineers understand the design language they build within.

• Unit 1: Western and Indian architectural history, from Egyptian and Greek orders to Buddhist and Hindu temple styles
• Unit 2: Principles of residential planning and the contribution of notable modern architects
• Unit 3: Historical development of town planning, from ancient Indian to world cities
• Unit 4: Modern town planning — zoning, roads, housing and neighbourhood planning standards
• Unit 5: Landscaping and horizontal/vertical expansion of towns

Construction Technology and Management

(offered as both Professional Elective-I and Open Elective-I) — covers the planning, equipment and management techniques that turn a design into a completed construction project.

• Unit 1: Construction project management fundamentals — planning, scheduling and the critical path method
• Unit 2: Project evaluation and review technique (PERT), cost/resource crashing, and software tools like PRIMAVERA
• Unit 3: Earthmoving, hoisting and compaction equipment selection and productivity
• Unit 4: Concreting equipment — mixers, batching plants and placement techniques
• Unit 5: Construction methods for earthwork, piling and formwork, plus quality, safety and BIM

Green Buildings

(Open Elective-I) — introduces sustainable building design: the materials, systems and rating frameworks that reduce a building’s environmental footprint.

• Unit 1: Green building fundamentals, benefits and key material/equipment requirements
• Unit 2: Indian Green Building Council practices and the LEED India rating system
• Unit 3: Green building design strategies to reduce energy demand and use renewable sources
• Unit 4: HVAC system design and energy-efficient building interventions
• Unit 5: Material conservation, recycled content and indoor environment quality

Climate Change Impact on Eco-System

(Open Elective-I) — looks at how the climate system works so engineers can reason about the changing loads — floods, heat, drought — their infrastructure must withstand.

• Unit 1: Earth’s climate system, atmospheric structure and radiation balance
• Unit 2: The global hydrologic cycle and water balance modelling
• Unit 3: Precipitation-related climate variables, monsoon patterns and evapotranspiration
• Unit 4: Climate variability — floods, droughts and heat waves
• Unit 5: Climate change causes and modelling, including global circulation models and IPCC scenarios

Note on Entrepreneurship Development & Venture Creation: the course structure lists this as an alternative to Open Elective-I, but the syllabus document does not contain a unit-wise syllabus for it anywhere in its 200 pages — flagging this honestly rather than inventing content.

Geotechnical Engineering Lab

hands-on determination of the soil index and strength properties used throughout geotechnical design.

• Index property tests: specific gravity, Atterberg limits, field density and grain size analysis
• Engineering property tests: permeability, compaction, consolidation, direct shear, triaxial and unconfined compression tests
• Field demonstration tests: plate load test and CBR test

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines Lab

verifies core fluid mechanics principles experimentally using flow-measuring devices and pipe networks.

• Verification of Bernoulli’s equation and calibration of venturimeters, orifice meters and notches
• Discharge coefficient determination for orifices and mouthpieces
• Friction factor and minor loss (bend, expansion, contraction) determination in pipelines

Estimation, Specifications and Contracts

teaches how to turn a building design into a priced, contractable bill of quantities.

• Unit 1: Contract types, documents and standard construction specifications
• Unit 2: Quantity-estimation principles for building elements and approximate estimating methods
• Unit 3: Rate analysis for construction items, earthwork and reinforcement bar-bending schedules
• Unit 4: Detailed estimation using the individual wall method for single/double/four-roomed buildings
• Unit 5: Detailed estimation using the centre-line method and estimating software

Tinkering Lab

a hands-on innovation lab where students build simple circuits, sensors and 3D-printed prototypes to bridge theory and real-world experimentation.

• Basic electronics builds: parallel/series circuits, traffic-light circuits and LDR-based automatic street lighting
• Microcontroller exercises with Arduino and ESP32, including LED control, sensor interfacing and mobile app control
• 3D design/printing projects and applied design-thinking exercises such as redesigning a motorbike

Evaluation of Community Service Internship

a credit-bearing internship-evaluation entry in the course structure; the document contains no unit-wise syllabus for it, since it is assessed through fieldwork rather than lectures. Noting this honestly.

Minor Course and Honors Course slots

the III-I structure also reserves credit for a Minor Course (selectable from a pool that includes subjects like Surveying, Mechanics of Solids, Soil Mechanics and Estimation and Costing, in person or via a SWAYAM/NPTEL MOOC) and two Honors Courses (from a ten-subject pool such as Structural Dynamics, Advanced Hydrology and Soil Dynamics). These rows are open elective pools rather than single fixed subjects, so no one unit-wise syllabus applies to the row itself — each pool subject carries its own separate syllabus that a student would need to pick individually. Flagging this honestly rather than treating it as a single named course.