JNTUK R23 B.Tech Civil IV Year I Semester (4-1) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

by Rishi | Jul 10, 2026 | JNTUK R23 Syllabus

Geotechnical Engineering-II

moves from soil properties into foundation engineering, sizing footings and piles to safely carry a building’s load.

• Unit 1: Soil exploration methods and earth pressure theories (Rankine’s, Coulomb’s)
• Unit 2: Slope stability analysis and shallow foundation bearing capacity theories
• Unit 3: Bearing capacity determination methods, including Terzaghi’s and IS approaches
• Unit 4: Settlement criteria and design of shallow foundations, including raft foundations
• Unit 5: Pile foundation types, load capacity and pile group behaviour

Advanced Construction Management

covers the management disciplines — quality, cost, materials, BIM and sustainability — that run alongside actual construction work.

• Unit 1: Quality assurance, quality control and on-site safety management
• Unit 2: Cost estimation, budgeting and economic analysis methods
• Unit 3: Materials and machinery management, procurement and maintenance
• Unit 4: Building Information Modelling (BIM) for project collaboration
• Unit 5: Sustainable construction and green building certification practices

Pre-stressed Concrete

(Professional Elective-IV) — covers how tensioning steel tendons before or after casting lets concrete resist tension it otherwise couldn’t.

• Unit 1: Flexural, shear and torsional design of prestressed sections
• Unit 2: Continuous beam analysis and deflection prediction in prestressed members
• Unit 3: End block analysis (Guyon’s, Magnel’s methods) and composite section design
• Unit 4: Statically indeterminate prestressed structures and concordant cable profiles
• Unit 5: Composite construction of prestressed and in-situ concrete

Advanced Environmental Engineering

(Professional Elective-IV) — extends environmental engineering into stream pollution modelling, industrial wastewater treatment, and air and noise pollution control.

• Unit 1: Stream self-purification and the Streeter-Phelps dissolved oxygen model
• Unit 2: Advanced biological treatment — nitrification, denitrification and RBC systems
• Unit 3: Industrial wastewater treatment for sugar, dairy and pulp & paper industries
• Unit 4: Urban solid waste management and the sources/meteorology of air pollution
• Unit 5: Air pollution control equipment and noise pollution control

Design and Drawing of Irrigation Structures

(Professional Elective-IV) — a design-and-drafting course focused on the hydraulic structures that control and convey irrigation water.

• Unit 1: Design and drawing of a surplus weir
• Unit 2: Design and drawing of a tank sluice with a tower head
• Unit 3: Design and drawing of a notch-type canal drop
• Unit 4: Design and drawing of a canal regulator
• Unit 5: Design and drawing of a type-III syphon aqueduct

Advanced Structural Engineering

(Professional Elective-V) — covers specialized RCC structures beyond ordinary buildings, such as tanks, chimneys, retaining walls and flat slabs.

• Unit 1: Raft foundation and cantilever/counterfort retaining wall design
• Unit 2: RCC water tank design (circular, rectangular and Intze types)
• Unit 3: Flat slab design using direct design and equivalent frame methods
• Unit 4: RCC chimney design and loading concepts
• Unit 5: Pressed steel tank design

Environmental Impact Assessment

(offered as both Professional Elective-V and Open Elective-III) — covers how proposed projects are systematically screened for environmental consequences before approval.

• Unit 1: EIA fundamentals, stakeholder roles and cost-benefit analysis
• Unit 2: EIA methodologies — ad-hoc, matrix, network and overlay methods
• Unit 3: Impact prediction and mitigation for soil, water and air quality
• Unit 4: Impact assessment on vegetation/wildlife and environmental risk assessment
• Unit 5: MoEF&CC regulations, clearance procedures and ISO 14000 auditing

Railway and Airport Engineering

(Professional Elective-V) — covers the geometric design of railway tracks and airport runways as distinct transportation infrastructure disciplines.

• Unit 1: Railway track components, gauges and rail fastenings
• Unit 2: Railway geometric design — gradients, superelevation and curves
• Unit 3: Track turnouts, signalling systems and train movement control
• Unit 4: Airport planning, site selection and runway orientation
• Unit 5: Airfield pavement design methods and airport drainage

Building Materials for Engineers

(Open Elective-III) — the same building-materials curriculum offered to non-civil branches as an open elective, covering stones, masonry, cement and finishes.

• Unit 1: Properties and manufacture of stones, bricks and tiles, plus aluminium, gypsum, glass and bituminous materials
• Unit 2: Masonry bonding techniques, timber properties and alternative structural materials
• Unit 3: Lime and cement manufacture, composition and testing
• Unit 4: Building components — lintels, arches, staircases, floors and roof types
• Unit 5: Finishes, damp-proofing, paints, and aggregate classification

Intelligent Transportation Systems

(Open Elective-III) — introduces how sensors, communications and data systems are layered onto transportation networks to manage traffic more intelligently.

• Unit 1: ITS fundamentals, history and classification
• Unit 2: Sensor technologies and ITS data collection techniques
• Unit 3: ITS functional areas — traffic management, traveller information and public transport systems
• Unit 4: ITS architecture, planning and evaluation methods
• Unit 5: ITS applications — incident management, electronic toll collection and automated highway systems

Quantum Science and Technology

(Open Elective-IV) — a university-wide elective introducing quantum mechanics and its emerging computing, communication and sensing applications, included here as a cross-disciplinary option rather than a civil-specific subject.

• Unit 1: Quantum mechanics fundamentals — wave-particle duality, the Schrödinger equation and the uncertainty principle
• Unit 2: Quantum information theory — qubits, superposition, entanglement and quantum gates
• Unit 3: Quantum computing algorithms — Grover’s, Shor’s algorithm and quantum error correction
• Unit 4: Quantum communication — quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation
• Unit 5: Quantum sensing, metrology and hardware platforms

Geo-Spatial Technologies

(Open Elective-IV) — covers GIS and remote sensing as applied spatial-data tools for civil engineering decision-making.

• Unit 1: GIS fundamentals, map projections and coordinate systems
• Unit 2: Spatial data acquisition, formats, and data quality/error correction
• Unit 3: Spatial data modelling, overlay analysis, and cost/path analysis
• Unit 4: GIS applications in resource management, urban planning and GPS integration
• Unit 5: Remote sensing fundamentals and applications to watershed and urban modelling

Solid Waste Management

(Open Elective-IV) — covers the full lifecycle of municipal solid waste, from generation to landfill or hazardous-waste treatment.

• Unit 1: Solid waste generation, sources, sampling and characterization
• Unit 2: Waste collection, transport and transfer station design
• Unit 3: Waste processing, materials recovery and energy recovery methods
• Unit 4: Landfill classification, siting, design and leachate management
• Unit 5: Hazardous waste identification, regulation and treatment

Applied Mechanics

(Open Elective-IV) — a statics-and-dynamics refresher covering force systems, friction, centroids and rigid-body motion.

• Unit 1: Force systems, resultants, moments and equilibrium equations
• Unit 2: Friction types and applications, including wedges and screw jacks
• Unit 3: Centroids and centre of gravity of composite shapes and bodies
• Unit 4: Area and mass moments of inertia for simple and composite shapes
• Unit 5: Kinetics of rigid bodies and the work-energy principle

Skills on Civil Engineering Software

(Skill Enhancement Course) — a software-focused lab teaching structural analysis tools used in professional practice.

• Introduction to ETABS and 3D analysis of multi-storey buildings
• Analysis of continuous beams, portal frames and trusses using structural software

Constitution of India

(Audit Course) — a civic-literacy course on how India’s constitutional and administrative institutions function.

• Unit 1: Constitutional history, features, fundamental rights and directive principles
• Unit 2: Union government structure — the President, Parliament and higher judiciary
• Unit 3: State government structure — the Governor, Chief Minister and state secretariat
• Unit 4: Local administration — district, municipal and Panchayati Raj institutions
• Unit 5: The Election Commission and welfare-oriented constitutional bodies

Evaluation of Industry Internship

this internship-evaluation credit line has no unit-wise syllabus anywhere in the document; noting this honestly rather than inventing content.

JNTUK R23 B.Tech Civil III Year II Semester (3-2) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

by Rishi | Jul 10, 2026 | JNTUK R23 Syllabus

Design and Drawing of Steel Structures

applies steel design codes to connections, beams, trusses, columns and girders, with drawing plates to match.

• Unit 1: Riveted and welded connection design and permissible stresses
• Unit 2: Design of simple and compound beams, including flange curtailment and deflection checks
• Unit 3: Design of tension and compression members and roof trusses
• Unit 4: Design of built-up columns, lacing/battens and column base plates
• Unit 5: Design of welded plate girders and gantry girders

Highway Engineering

covers how road networks are planned, geometrically designed and paved to carry traffic safely.

• Unit 1: Highway planning history, classification and alignment factors
• Unit 2: Geometric design — sight distance, superelevation, and transition and vertical curves
• Unit 3: Traffic engineering — volume/speed studies, intersection design and signal timing
• Unit 4: Highway material testing — subgrade soil, aggregates and bituminous mixes
• Unit 5: Flexible and rigid pavement design methods

Environmental Engineering

covers the planning, treatment and distribution systems that deliver clean water and safely remove wastewater from a community.

• Unit 1: Water demand estimation, population forecasting and water sources
• Unit 2: Water quality standards and distribution network analysis
• Unit 3: Water treatment unit operations — sedimentation, coagulation, filtration and disinfection
• Unit 4: Sewerage system planning, sewer hydraulics and primary sewage treatment
• Unit 5: Secondary sewage treatment processes and effluent disposal methods

Ground Improvement Techniques

(Professional Elective-II) — covers methods for upgrading weak or problematic soils so they can safely support structures.

• Unit 1: In-situ densification of granular and cohesive soils, preloading and drain systems
• Unit 2: Dewatering methods — well points, sumps and electro-osmosis
• Unit 3: Soil stabilization and grouting techniques, including liquefaction concepts
• Unit 4: Reinforced-earth wall design principles and soil nailing
• Unit 5: Geosynthetics — geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes and gabions

Repair and Rehabilitation of Structures

(Professional Elective-II) — covers how to diagnose deteriorating concrete structures and select the right repair or strengthening technique.

• Unit 1: Repair materials, admixtures and non-destructive evaluation techniques
• Unit 2: Strengthening and stabilization techniques for beams, columns and connections
• Unit 3: Bonded FRP installation techniques and debonding failure mechanisms
• Unit 4: Fibre-reinforced, lightweight and fly-ash concrete properties
• Unit 5: High-performance and self-consolidating concrete

Valuation and Quantity Survey

(Professional Elective-II) — teaches how to measure, price and value construction work using standard schedules and valuation methods.

• Unit 1: Quantity surveying principles, estimate types and bill-of-quantity preparation
• Unit 2: CPWD schedule-of-rates usage and rate analysis for major construction items
• Unit 3: Detailed estimation using the centre-line method for RCC buildings
• Unit 4: Bar-bending schedules and estimation for roads, sanitary and water supply works
• Unit 5: Depreciation methods and property valuation methods

Finite Element Method

(Professional Elective-III) — introduces the numerical technique behind virtually all modern structural analysis software.

• Unit 1: Stiffness method review and variational/weighted-residual approaches
• Unit 2: Truss element stiffness formulation and 3D transformation matrices
• Unit 3: Beam element stiffness matrices and rigid frame analysis
• Unit 4: Plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric element formulations (CST/LST)
• Unit 5: Isoparametric elements, Gauss quadrature and mesh stability issues

Bridge Engineering

(Professional Elective-III) — covers bridge types, loading standards and the design of common bridge superstructures.

• Unit 1: Bridge types, nomenclature, site selection and loading standards
• Unit 2: Slab bridge design methods, including Pigeaud’s and Courbon’s theories
• Unit 3: T-beam bridge design of deck slabs and longitudinal girders
• Unit 4: Plate girder bridge element design
• Unit 5: Box culvert design and bridge inspection/maintenance practices

Water Resources Engineering

(Professional Elective-III) — covers irrigation system planning and the design of canals, diversion structures and dams.

• Unit 1: Irrigation requirements, duty, delta and irrigation efficiencies
• Unit 2: Canal design — erodible and non-erodible sections, Kennedy’s and Lacey’s theories
• Unit 3: Canal structures — falls, regulators, cross-drainage works and outlets
• Unit 4: Diversion head works and Khosla’s/Bligh’s seepage theories
• Unit 5: Reservoir planning, and gravity/earth dam and spillway design

Disaster Management

(Open Elective-II) — surveys how natural and man-made disasters are managed across the mitigation-response-recovery cycle.

• Unit 1: Natural hazard case studies — floods, earthquakes, landslides and cyclones
• Unit 2: Man-made disaster management — fire, transport hazards and industrial accidents
• Unit 3: Risk and vulnerability assessment, including building codes and land-use planning
• Unit 4: Technology’s role in disaster management, including RS and GIS applications
• Unit 5: Community preparedness and education in disaster risk reduction

Sustainability in Engineering Practices

(Open Elective-II) — frames sustainable development as an engineering discipline with its own tools, certifications and metrics.

• Unit 1: Sustainable development models and environmental legislation
• Unit 2: Local issues (solid waste) and global issues (climate change, ozone depletion)
• Unit 3: Sustainability tools — EMS, ISO 14000, life cycle assessment and EIA
• Unit 4: Green building certification (GRIHA, LEED) and sustainable cities/transport
• Unit 5: Renewable energy resources and green technology/business practices

Water Supply Systems

(Open Elective-II) — covers the practical side of delivering water to communities and managing dual/non-potable supply.

• Unit 1: Water’s role in domestic, irrigation, sanitation and fire-protection demand
• Unit 2: Surface, ground, atmospheric and recycled water sources
• Unit 3: Dual water supply — potable, grey and black water, and related diseases
• Unit 4: Water distribution based on topography, gravity and pumping systems
• Unit 5: Industrial water quality requirements and effluent standards

Environmental Engineering Lab

lab testing of water and wastewater quality parameters that determine treatability and compliance.

• Physical and chemical tests: pH, hardness, alkalinity, chlorides, solids and iron content
• Biological/oxygen demand tests: dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD determination
• Water treatment process tests: optimum coagulant dose, chlorine demand and coliform testing

Highway Engineering Lab

tests road-building materials and traffic behaviour to translate highway design theory into practice.

• Aggregate tests: crushing value, impact value, specific gravity and abrasion resistance
• Bitumen tests: penetration, ductility, softening point and Marshall stability
• Traffic surveys and design exercises: volume/speed/parking studies and road cross-section drawing

CAD Lab

builds practical skill in structural analysis and design software rather than only hand calculation.

• Analysis and design of determinate and indeterminate structures, plane and space frames using software
• Design and detailing exercises for residential buildings, roof trusses and steel members
• Foundation design programming using spreadsheet tools

Technical Paper Writing and IPR

covers how to write a clear technical report and understand the basics of intellectual property protection.

• Unit 1: Technical report structure, sentence construction and formatting
• Unit 2: Drafting, illustrations and plain-English editing
• Unit 3: Proofreading, summarizing and presenting technical reports
• Unit 4: Word-processing tools for reports — citations, tracked changes and indexing
• Unit 5: Patents, copyrights and the intellectual property registration process

Mandatory Industry Internship

an 8-week mandatory industry internship during the summer vacation is listed in the course structure, but no unit-wise syllabus for it appears anywhere in the document. Flagging this honestly.

JNTUK R23 B.Tech Civil III Year I Semester (3-1) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

by Rishi | Jul 10, 2026 | JNTUK R23 Syllabus

Design and Drawing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

takes RCC theory into practice, teaching students to size and detail beams, columns, footings and slabs using limit state design.

• Unit 1: Working stress and limit state design philosophies, and the statistical basis of characteristic loads and strengths
• Unit 2: Flexural design of singly and doubly reinforced sections and flanged (T) beams
• Unit 3: Design for shear, torsion and bond, plus serviceability checks for deflection and cracking
• Unit 4: Design of compression members and different types of isolated footings
• Unit 5: Design of one-way, two-way and continuous slabs, including waist-slab staircases

Engineering Hydrology

studies the water cycle quantitatively, showing how rainfall becomes runoff and how that runoff is measured, modelled and routed for water resources design.

• Unit 1: Precipitation measurement, IDF and DAD curves, and design storm concepts
• Unit 2: Evaporation, evapotranspiration and infiltration estimation
• Unit 3: Runoff estimation and unit hydrograph derivation and application
• Unit 4: Flood frequency analysis (Gumbel’s, Log-Pearson III) and flood routing methods
• Unit 5: Groundwater occurrence, aquifer parameters and well hydraulics

Geotechnical Engineering-I

introduces soil as an engineering material: its classification, how water moves through it, and how it compresses and shears under load.

• Unit 1: Soil formation, index properties and classification systems
• Unit 2: Soil moisture, capillarity and permeability, including Darcy’s law
• Unit 3: Flow nets, seepage analysis and stress distribution theories (Boussinesq’s, Westergaard’s)
• Unit 4: Compaction behaviour and Terzaghi’s one-dimensional consolidation theory
• Unit 5: Shear strength of soils via Mohr-Coulomb theory and drained/undrained behaviour

Advanced Structural Analysis

(Professional Elective-I) — extends structural analysis to arches, cables, suspension bridges and approximate multi-storey frame methods.

• Unit 1: Energy theorems, indeterminate truss analysis and Castigliano’s second theorem
• Unit 2: Three-hinged and two-hinged arch analysis, including temperature effects
• Unit 3: Approximate methods for building frames — portal, cantilever and substitute frame methods
• Unit 4: Cable structures and suspension bridge analysis
• Unit 5: Moment distribution, slope-deflection and Kani’s methods for frames with sway

Architecture and Town Planning

(Professional Elective-I) — surveys architectural history and planning principles so structural engineers understand the design language they build within.

• Unit 1: Western and Indian architectural history, from Egyptian and Greek orders to Buddhist and Hindu temple styles
• Unit 2: Principles of residential planning and the contribution of notable modern architects
• Unit 3: Historical development of town planning, from ancient Indian to world cities
• Unit 4: Modern town planning — zoning, roads, housing and neighbourhood planning standards
• Unit 5: Landscaping and horizontal/vertical expansion of towns

Construction Technology and Management

(offered as both Professional Elective-I and Open Elective-I) — covers the planning, equipment and management techniques that turn a design into a completed construction project.

• Unit 1: Construction project management fundamentals — planning, scheduling and the critical path method
• Unit 2: Project evaluation and review technique (PERT), cost/resource crashing, and software tools like PRIMAVERA
• Unit 3: Earthmoving, hoisting and compaction equipment selection and productivity
• Unit 4: Concreting equipment — mixers, batching plants and placement techniques
• Unit 5: Construction methods for earthwork, piling and formwork, plus quality, safety and BIM

Green Buildings

(Open Elective-I) — introduces sustainable building design: the materials, systems and rating frameworks that reduce a building’s environmental footprint.

• Unit 1: Green building fundamentals, benefits and key material/equipment requirements
• Unit 2: Indian Green Building Council practices and the LEED India rating system
• Unit 3: Green building design strategies to reduce energy demand and use renewable sources
• Unit 4: HVAC system design and energy-efficient building interventions
• Unit 5: Material conservation, recycled content and indoor environment quality

Climate Change Impact on Eco-System

(Open Elective-I) — looks at how the climate system works so engineers can reason about the changing loads — floods, heat, drought — their infrastructure must withstand.

• Unit 1: Earth’s climate system, atmospheric structure and radiation balance
• Unit 2: The global hydrologic cycle and water balance modelling
• Unit 3: Precipitation-related climate variables, monsoon patterns and evapotranspiration
• Unit 4: Climate variability — floods, droughts and heat waves
• Unit 5: Climate change causes and modelling, including global circulation models and IPCC scenarios

Note on Entrepreneurship Development & Venture Creation: the course structure lists this as an alternative to Open Elective-I, but the syllabus document does not contain a unit-wise syllabus for it anywhere in its 200 pages — flagging this honestly rather than inventing content.

Geotechnical Engineering Lab

hands-on determination of the soil index and strength properties used throughout geotechnical design.

• Index property tests: specific gravity, Atterberg limits, field density and grain size analysis
• Engineering property tests: permeability, compaction, consolidation, direct shear, triaxial and unconfined compression tests
• Field demonstration tests: plate load test and CBR test

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines Lab

verifies core fluid mechanics principles experimentally using flow-measuring devices and pipe networks.

• Verification of Bernoulli’s equation and calibration of venturimeters, orifice meters and notches
• Discharge coefficient determination for orifices and mouthpieces
• Friction factor and minor loss (bend, expansion, contraction) determination in pipelines

Estimation, Specifications and Contracts

teaches how to turn a building design into a priced, contractable bill of quantities.

• Unit 1: Contract types, documents and standard construction specifications
• Unit 2: Quantity-estimation principles for building elements and approximate estimating methods
• Unit 3: Rate analysis for construction items, earthwork and reinforcement bar-bending schedules
• Unit 4: Detailed estimation using the individual wall method for single/double/four-roomed buildings
• Unit 5: Detailed estimation using the centre-line method and estimating software

Tinkering Lab

a hands-on innovation lab where students build simple circuits, sensors and 3D-printed prototypes to bridge theory and real-world experimentation.

• Basic electronics builds: parallel/series circuits, traffic-light circuits and LDR-based automatic street lighting
• Microcontroller exercises with Arduino and ESP32, including LED control, sensor interfacing and mobile app control
• 3D design/printing projects and applied design-thinking exercises such as redesigning a motorbike

Evaluation of Community Service Internship

a credit-bearing internship-evaluation entry in the course structure; the document contains no unit-wise syllabus for it, since it is assessed through fieldwork rather than lectures. Noting this honestly.

Minor Course and Honors Course slots

the III-I structure also reserves credit for a Minor Course (selectable from a pool that includes subjects like Surveying, Mechanics of Solids, Soil Mechanics and Estimation and Costing, in person or via a SWAYAM/NPTEL MOOC) and two Honors Courses (from a ten-subject pool such as Structural Dynamics, Advanced Hydrology and Soil Dynamics). These rows are open elective pools rather than single fixed subjects, so no one unit-wise syllabus applies to the row itself — each pool subject carries its own separate syllabus that a student would need to pick individually. Flagging this honestly rather than treating it as a single named course.

JNTUK R23 B.Tech Civil II Year II Semester (2-2) Syllabus & Subject-wise Topics

by Rishi | Jul 10, 2026 | JNTUK R23 Syllabus

Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis

introduces the economic and accounting reasoning engineers need to justify, budget and evaluate projects, not just build them.

• Unit 1: Managerial economics fundamentals, demand concepts and demand forecasting
• Unit 2: Production function analysis, cost behaviour and break-even analysis
• Unit 3: Forms of business organization and market structures from perfect competition to oligopoly
• Unit 4: Working capital management and capital budgeting techniques such as payback period, ARR, NPV and IRR
• Unit 5: Financial accounting basics — journals, ledgers and final accounts — plus ratio analysis

Engineering Geology

explains how rocks, minerals and ground conditions shape where and how civil structures can safely be built.

• Unit 1: Geological branches, weathering processes and the geological work of rivers
• Unit 2: Mineralogy and petrology — identifying common rock-forming minerals and igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
• Unit 3: Structural geology — folds, faults, joints and unconformities and their engineering significance
• Unit 4: Groundwater movement, earthquakes, landslides and geophysical exploration methods
• Unit 5: Geological considerations in siting dams, reservoirs and tunnels

Concrete Technology

covers concrete from raw ingredients to hardened structural material, including how mixes are designed and quality controlled.

• Unit 1: Cement chemistry, hydration, admixtures, and aggregate classification and grading
• Unit 2: Fresh-concrete properties — workability, setting time, segregation and bleeding
• Unit 3: Hardened-concrete strength, the water-cement ratio law, and destructive/non-destructive testing
• Unit 4: Elasticity, creep and shrinkage behaviour of concrete
• Unit 5: Mix design methods (ACI and IS code) and special concretes such as fibre-reinforced and self-consolidating concrete

Structural Analysis

builds the toolkit for finding forces and deflections in indeterminate structures using classical energy and displacement methods.

• Unit 1: Strain energy and Castigliano’s first theorem for beams and trusses
• Unit 2: Static and kinematic indeterminacy, and Castigliano’s second theorem for truss analysis
• Unit 3: Fixed- and continuous-beam analysis under varied loading
• Unit 4: The slope-deflection method for continuous beams and portal frames
• Unit 5: The moment distribution method for continuous beams and portal frames

Hydraulics and Hydraulic Machinery

extends fluid mechanics into open-channel flow and the turbines and pumps that convert flowing water into usable energy.

• Unit 1: Laminar and turbulent pipe flow, and boundary layer theory
• Unit 2: Uniform open-channel flow and hydraulically efficient channel sections
• Unit 3: Non-uniform open-channel flow, specific energy and the hydraulic jump
• Unit 4: Impact of jets on vanes, and design of Pelton and Francis turbines
• Unit 5: Centrifugal pump principles, performance curves and cavitation effects

Concrete Technology Lab

puts cement, aggregate and concrete quality tests into students’ hands before they specify materials on a real job.

• Cement tests: consistency, setting time, soundness and compressive strength
• Fine and coarse aggregate tests: grading, specific gravity, water absorption and bulking
• Fresh and hardened concrete tests: workability (slump, compaction factor, Vee-bee), compressive/split tensile strength and non-destructive testing

Engineering Geology Lab

trains students to recognize minerals, rocks and geological structures by sight and from maps rather than only in theory.

• Megascopic identification of common rock-forming and ore-forming minerals
• Identification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock specimens
• Interpretation of geological maps, strike-and-dip problems and borehole data

Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems

introduces satellite imagery and spatial-data analysis as tools civil engineers use for mapping, planning and monitoring terrain.

• Unit 1: Fundamentals of remote sensing, the electromagnetic spectrum, and sensor platforms
• Unit 2: Digital image data formats, image enhancement and classification techniques
• Unit 3: GIS components, spatial data structures, and raster/vector overlay and network analysis
• Lab component: georeferencing, digitization, thematic mapping and DEM/watershed analysis using QGIS or ArcGIS

Design Thinking and Innovation

a creativity-and-process course aimed at turning problem identification into workable product or system ideas.

• Unit 1: Elements and principles of design, and the history of design thinking
• Unit 2: The design thinking process — empathize, analyze, ideate and prototype
• Unit 3: Distinguishing innovation from creativity, and building innovation-capable teams
• Unit 4: Product design strategy, specifications and case studies
• Unit 5: Applying design thinking to business models, startups and corporate innovation

Building Materials and Construction

surveys the raw materials and construction techniques behind ordinary buildings, from bricks to roofing to finishes.

• Unit 1: Properties and manufacture of stones, bricks and tiles, plus aluminium, gypsum, glass and bituminous materials
• Unit 2: Masonry bonding techniques, timber properties and alternative structural materials
• Unit 3: Lime and cement manufacture, composition and testing
• Unit 4: Building components — lintels, arches, staircases, floors and roof types
• Unit 5: Finishes, damp-proofing, paints, and aggregate classification

Community Service Project Internship

the course structure lists a mandatory 8-week community service project internship during the summer vacation; the syllabus document does not contain a unit-wise syllabus for it, since it is evaluated as fieldwork rather than classroom instruction. Stating this honestly rather than inventing content.